Pathogen and indicator variability in a heavily impacted watershed

Dorner, Sarah; Anderson, William B.; Gaulin, Terri; Candon, Heather L.; Slawson, Robin M.; Payment, Pierre; Huck, Peter M.

doi:10.2166/wh.2007.010b

Cited by 90 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Both gene targets were detected most frequently at the Canagagigue Creek sampling location. The Canagagigue Creek subwatershed is located in a region with the highest livestock density in the watershed (Dorner et al 2007) and where estimates for daily manure production were also highest (Dorner et al 2004). for Yersinia in water also noted a higher rate of isolation during colder months of the year (Meadows & Snudden 1982;Fukushima et al 1984).…”

Section: Confirmation Of Quantitative Pcr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides part of the drinking water supply for approximately 500,000 people, and is also used for recreational activities (Dorner et al 2004). This system is one of the most heavily impacted watersheds in Canada, receiving inputs from both agricultural and urban activities (Dorner et al 2004), and a number of enteric pathogens typically found in surface waters have been previously detected (Dorner et al 2007). This research provides information for an emerging waterborne pathogen that is not well characterized in water sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in surface water by quantitative PCR amplification of the ail and yadA genes

Cheyne

Dyke

Anderson

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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Yersinia enterocolitica has been detected in surface water, and drinking untreated water is a risk factor for infection. PCR-based methods have been used to detect Y. enterocolitica in various sample types, but quantitative studies have not been conducted in water. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods targeting the Yersinia virulence genes ail and yadA were used to survey the Grand River watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. Initial testing of reference strains showed that ail and yadA PCR assays were specific for pathogenic biotypes of Y. enterocolitica; however the genes were also detected in one clinical Yersinia intermedia isolate. A survey of surface water from the Grand River watershed showed that both genes were detected at five sampling locations, with the ail and yadA genes detected in 38 and 21% of samples, respectively. Both genes were detected more frequently at colder water temperatures.A screening of Yersinia strains isolated from the watershed showed that the ail gene was detected in three Y. enterocolitica 1A/O:5 isolates. Results of this study show that Yersinia virulence genes were commonly detected in a watershed used as a source of drinking water, and that the occurrence of these genes was seasonal.

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Section: Confirmation Of Quantitative Pcr Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in surface water by quantitative PCR amplification of the ail and yadA genes

Cheyne

Dyke

Anderson

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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“…Numerous studies (most of which were small and of short duration) have reported conflicting results regarding the value of detecting E. coli to predict Campylobacter sp. presence (4,9,11,12,16,17,21,27,29,31,38,40,43,48). We report here a large study that analyzed 2,471 water samples from 32 different sites over 2 years to resolve this question.…”

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confidence: 96%

Thermotolerant Coliforms Are Not a Good Surrogate for Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Water

St-Pierre

Lévesque

Frost

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study aimed to assess the importance of quantitatively detecting Campylobacter spp. in environmental surface water. The prevalence and the quantity of Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and Escherichia coli in 2,471 samples collected weekly, over a 2-year period, from 13 rivers and 12 streams in the Eastern Townships, Québec, Canada, were determined. Overall, 1,071 (43%), 1,481 (60%), and 1,463 (59%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., thermotolerant coliforms, and E. coli, respectively. There were weak correlations between the weekly distributions of Campylobacter spp. and thermotolerant coliforms (Spearman's coefficient ‫؍‬ 0.27; P ‫؍‬ 0.008) and between the quantitative levels of the two classes of organisms (Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient ‫؍‬ 0.233; P < 0.0001). Well water samples from the Eastern Townships were also tested. Five (10%) of 53 samples from private surface wells were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, of which only 2 were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. These findings suggest that microbial monitoring of raw water by using only fecal indicator organisms is not sufficient for assessing the occurrence or the load of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Insights into the role of environmental water as sources for sporadic Campylobacter infection will require genus-specific monitoring techniques.

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“…Turbidity measures the water clarity and is due to suspended solid materials such as clay, silt, colloidal organic matter, planktons, and other organisms (Dorner et al 2007). The turbidity average values varied from 5.4 ± 1.08 to 14.3 ± 3.10 and from 7.4 ± 1.61 to 47.3 ± 8.12 NTU during PRM and POM seasons, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

Seth¹,

Mohan²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Appl Water Sci

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Water quality of Himalayan rivers has been steadily deteriorating over several decades due to anthropogenic activities, dumping of treated or untreated effluents, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, etc. In the present study, the water quality of five important rivers namely, Gola, Kosi, Ramganga, Saryu and Lohawati rivers were investigated which flow through the different districts of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The water of all these rivers serves as the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes in these districts of the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. River water samples collected in premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2011 and 2012 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Statistical analyses indicate positive correlation among most of the chemical parameters. Piper diagram illustrates that all the water samples fall in Ca-Mg-HCO 3 hydrochemical facies, Moreover, the suitability of water for drinking purposes determined by water quality index indicated that river water in both the seasons is unsuitable. Irrigation water quality of all the river water was found suitable during both the seasons according to the result of sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage and residual sodium carbonate. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality of all the rivers might be eutrophication, tourism, anthropogenic and geogenic processes. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of all these rivers, proper water resource planning programme should be developed.

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Pathogen and indicator variability in a heavily impacted watershed

Cited by 90 publications

References 31 publications

The detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in surface water by quantitative PCR amplification of the ail and yadA genes

The detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in surface water by quantitative PCR amplification of the ail and yadA genes

Thermotolerant Coliforms Are Not a Good Surrogate for Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Water

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

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