Pathodynamics of intoxication in rats and mice by enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A

Sugimoto, Nakaba; Chen, Yunming; Lee, Shu-Yue; Matsuda, Morihiro; Lee, Chen-Yuan

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90067-2

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that a lethal i.v. CPE injection results in rapid electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern changes in mice consistent with the effects of hyperpotassemia (24). Furthermore, that previous study by Sugimoto et al detected the presence of elevated potassium levels in the blood of those mice receiving potassium levels in the blood of those mice were measured as a possible explanation for the lethality shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cpe Forms High-molecular-weight Complexes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The administration of CPE by the i.v. route also caused elevated levels of blood potassium, which resulted in cardiac dysfunction and, eventually, respiratory depression and death (22,24). CPE treatment of the liver ex vivo was also shown to cause a massive potassium loss, suggesting that the liver is a major source of the lethal blood potassium levels measured in mice receiving an i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in mice whose intestinal loops were treated for 2 h with 200 g of CPE, a statistically significant increase in serum potassium levels was measured. Furthermore, this ϳ14 mM concentration corresponded to lethal potassium levels (24).…”

Section: Cpe Forms High-molecular-weight Complexes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well documented that mice show sensitivity when CPE is injected via the intravenous (i.v.) route (24). However, i.v.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Application of a Mouse Intestinal Loop Model To Study the In Vivo Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin

et al. 2011

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Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is responsible for causing the gastrointestinal symptoms of C. perfringens type A food poisoning, the second most commonly identified bacterial food-borne illness in the United States. CPE is produced by sporulating C. perfringens cells in the small intestinal lumen, where it then causes epithelial cell damage and villous blunting that leads to diarrhea and cramping. Those effects are typically self-limiting; however, severe outbreaks of this food poisoning, particularly two occurring in psychiatric institutions, have involved deaths. Since animal models are currently limited for the study of the CPE action, a mouse ligated intestinal loop model was developed. With this model, significant lethality was observed after 2 h in loops receiving an inoculum of 100 or 200 g of CPE but not using a 50-g toxin inoculum. A correlation was noted between the overall intestinal histological damage and lethality in mice. Serum analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in serum CPE and potassium levels. CPE binding to the liver and kidney was detected, along with elevated levels of potassium in the serum. These data suggest that CPE can be absorbed from the intestine into the circulation, followed by the binding of the toxin to internal organs to induce potassium leakage, which can cause death. Finally, CPE pore complexes similar to those formed in tissue culture cells were detected in the intestine and liver, suggesting that (i) CPE actions are similar in vivo and in vitro and (ii) CPE-induced potassium release into blood may result from CPE pore formation in internal organs such as the liver.

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Section: Cpe Forms High-molecular-weight Complexes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cpe Forms High-molecular-weight Complexes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well documented that mice show sensitivity when CPE is injected via the intravenous (i.v.) route (24). However, i.v.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Application of a Mouse Intestinal Loop Model To Study the In Vivo Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin

et al. 2011

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“…The in vivo effects of CPE have also been studied in rats (Sugimoto et al, 1991), although much less extensively than in mice and rabbits. In rats, as in mice, this toxin produces lethality when injected i.v.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models to study the pathogenesis of human and animal Clostridium perfringens infections

Uzal

McClane

Cheung

et al. 2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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The most common animal models used to study Clostridium perfringens infections in humans and animals are reviewed here. The classical C. perfringens-mediated histotoxic disease of humans is clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene and the use of a mouse myonecrosis model coupled with genetic studies has contributed greatly to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Similarly, the use of a chicken model has enhanced our understanding of type A-mediated necrotic enteritis in poultry and has led to the identification of NetB as the primary toxin involved in disease. C. perfringens type A food poisoning is a highly prevalent bacterial illness in the USA and elsewhere. Rabbits and mice are the species most commonly used to study the action of enterotoxin, the causative toxin. Other animal models used to study the effect of this toxin are rats, non-human primates, sheep and cattle. In rabbits and mice, CPE produces severe necrosis of the small intestinal epithelium along with fluid accumulation. C. perfringens type D infection has been studied by inoculating epsilon toxin (ETX) intravenously into mice, rats, sheep, goats and cattle, and by intraduodenal inoculation of whole cultures of this microorganism in mice, sheep, goats and cattle. Molecular Koch's postulates have been fulfilled for enterotoxigenic C. perfringens type A in rabbits and mice, for C. perfringens type A necrotic enteritis and gas gangrene in chickens and mice, respectively, for C. perfringens type C in mice, rabbits and goats, and for C. perfringens type D in mice, sheep and goats.

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Clostridium Perfringens (Welchii) Type A Enterotoxin

2004

Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials

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Pathodynamics of intoxication in rats and mice by enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Development and Application of a Mouse Intestinal Loop Model To Study the In Vivo Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin

Development and Application of a Mouse Intestinal Loop Model To Study the In Vivo Action of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin

Animal models to study the pathogenesis of human and animal Clostridium perfringens infections

Clostridium Perfringens (Welchii) Type A Enterotoxin

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