Pathoanatomy of First-Time, Traumatic, Anterior Glenohumeral Subluxation Events

Abstract

First-time, traumatic, anterior subluxation events result in a high rate of labral and Hill-Sachs lesions. These findings suggest that clinical subluxation events encompass a broad spectrum of incomplete events, including complete separations of the articular surfaces with spontaneous reduction. A high index of suspicion for this injury in young athletes is warranted, and magnetic resonance imaging may reveal a high rate of pathologic changes, suggesting that a complete, transient luxation of the glenohumeral joint has occurred.

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for the Management of Anterior Shoulder Instability: Indications and Outcomes

“…While non-surgical management with physical therapy can be a viable treatment strategy in low-demand patients following first-time instability events, younger, more active patients have a high rate of recurrent instability [13,14]. Redislocation rates in this high-risk patient population have been reported as high as 90% after non-operative treatment [3].…”

Is clinical evaluation alone sufficient for the diagnosis of a Bankart lesion without the use of magnetic resonance imaging?

“…A torn glenoid labrum results in shoulder instability. A Bankart lesion is an injury of the glenoid labrum due to an anteroinferior shoulder dislocation, often located in the 3-6 o'clock position (1). This lesion is reported to be as high as 90% after a traumatic shoulder dislocation.…”

Anterior shoulder instability: a review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis and treatment

“…In this position, the IGHL is the primary restraint to anterior translation of the humeral head. Injury to this ligament and the anteroinferior labrum, termed a Bankart lesion, can occur and has been reported in as high as 90% of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations [10]. Recurrent episodes of instability further stretch and elongate this ligamentous structure.…”