An anisotropic colloidal
shape in combination with an externally
tunable interaction potential results in a plethora of self-assembled
structures with potential applications toward the fabrication of smart
materials. Here we present our investigation on the influence of an
external magnetic field on the self-assembly of hematite-silica core–shell
prolate colloids for two aspect ratios ρ = 2.9 and 3.69. Our
study shows a rather counterintuitive but interesting phenomenon,
where prolate colloids self-assemble into oblate liquid crystalline
(LC) phases. With increasing concentration, particles with smaller
ρ reveal a sequence of LC phases involving para-nematic, nematic,
smectic, and oriented glass phases. The occurrence of a smectic phase
for colloidal ellipsoids has been neither predicted nor reported before.
Quantitative shape analysis of the particles together with extensive
computer simulations indicate that in addition to ρ, a subtle
deviation from the ideal ellipsoidal shape dictates the formation
of this unusual sequence of field-induced structures. Particles with
ρ = 2.9 exhibit a hybrid shape containing features from both
spherocylinders and ellipsoids, which make their self-assembly behavior
richer than that observed for either of the “pure” shapes.
The shape of the particles with higher ρ matches closely with
the ideal ellipsoids, as a result their phase behavior follows the
one expected for a “pure” ellipsoidal shape. Using anisotropic
building blocks and external fields, our study demonstrates the ramifications
of the subtle changes in the particle shape on the field-directed
self-assembled structures with externally tunable properties.