Paternal Skin-to-Skin Care and its Effect on Cortisol Levels of the Infants

Mirnia, Kayvan; Bostanabad, Mohammad Arshadi; Asadollahi, Marjan; Razzaghi, Mir Hamid

doi:10.5812/ijp.8151

Cited by 7 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Indeed, Morelius et al [ 54 ] found that mothers suffered a significant decrease in cortisol levels during their first SSC or after the SSC was over but not during the intervention. This outcome was confirmed by the study of Mirnia et al [ 52 ], where in both skin-to-skin groups and standard ward treatment groups, cortisol in neonates decreased. In particular, compared with similar time intervals in the group with usual care, the cortisol level in neonates during SSC decreased more.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Indeed, analysis of the 22 selected studies revealed that nine studies focused on HRV [ 36 , 38 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 ], six studies on stress [ 26 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 54 , 55 ], and nine on cortisol [ 40 , 42 , 43 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], while the remaining six focused on oxytocin [ 40 , 43 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 57 ]. The studies are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardin et al [ 43 ] found a decrease in cortisol reactivity only in the recommended-use KC group, indicating that consistent early KC use may be associated with an increased regulation of stress. On the contrary, Mirnia and colleagues found no statistically significant differences in stress levels measured according to salivary cortisol between infants receiving 45 min of SSC with their fathers and infants receiving incubator care [ 52 ]. Morelius et al [ 54 ] performed the first study reporting salivary cortisol outcomes of preterm infants and their mothers during SSC immediately after birth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, compared with similar time intervals in the group with usual care, the cortisol level in neonates during SSC decreased more. Additionally, the infants experienced a comparable slope in the third time interval, in which the infants were separated from their fathers’ chest and received standard care, as did the control group [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent–Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact and Stress Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Ionio

Ciuffo

Landoni

2021

IJERPH

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Several studies have focused on neonatal maternal separation (MS) to investigate behavioural and neuroendocrine reactions to lack of contact, but only a few have focused on early separation in the first days or weeks after birth. This literature review investigates the vital importance of contact and touch by exploring how skin-to-skin contact (SSC) regulates stress in the mother–infant relationship. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched for literature published between 2015 and 2020. From 1141 articles, 22 were declared eligible. The reviewed articles showed how SSC regulates child stress by biological indicators such as the autonomic nervous system (ANS), heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol, and oxytocin. This research concludes the importance of SSC for stress regulation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. With no research to date indicating a possible risk of neonatal COVID-19 transmission following SSC, SSC should continue to be practiced for all women, as recommended by the WHO.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Parent–Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact and Stress Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Ionio

Ciuffo

Landoni

2021

IJERPH

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“…Of the 14 studies, five were defined by the authors as randomised controlled trials, 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 seven were crossover trials, 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 one was quasi‐experimental 13 and one had a retrospective design. 34 The main characteristics of the study designs are summarised in Table 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review shows the benefits of involving the fathers of preterm infants in early interventions in neonatal intensive care units

et al. 2021

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Aim This review identifies interventions involving the fathers of preterm infants that have been tested in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). It examines their effects on the fathers and infants and highlights any differences between fathers and mothers who took part in the same interventions. Methods A systematic search was performed in English from 1995 to 1 September 2020, using the CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed and PsycINFO databases. We examined 14 peer‐reviewed studies that investigated NICU interventions involving 478 fathers, whose 511 infants were born before 37 weeks of gestation. These included empirical studies with clinical outcomes. Results Studies on fathers' interventions in NICUs were limited and mainly restricted to basic skin‐to‐skin contact or tactile interventions. The interventions had similar general positive effects on mothers and fathers when it came to infant physiological and behavioural reactions. There was also evidence of a positive effect on the fathers, including their mental health. Conclusion Including fathers as active partners in the care of their preterm newborn infants produced good outcomes for both of them. Further research is needed to develop new, multimodal and interactive interventions that provide fathers with positive contact with their preterm infants.

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The Effect of Paternal Skin-to-Skin Care

Kuo

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Advances in Neonatal Care

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Background: Research about skin-to-skin care (SSC) experiences in early period after birth has focused on mothers and infants. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of paternal skin-to-skin care (P-SSC) in both fathers and infants. Methods: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Airiti Library, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported outcomes of P-SSC in both fathers and infants. We calculated pooled mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using RevMan 5.3 for the meta-analysis [PROSPERO: CRD42018106790]. Results: Seven RCTs including a total of 552 participants were eligible for inclusion. Compared to the maternal skin-to-skin care (M-SSC), fathers in the P-SSC exhibited no significant differences in salivary oxytocin levels (MD: −0.35 pg/mL; 95% CI: −0.75, 0.05), salivary cortisol levels (MD: 0.25 μg/dL; 95% CI: −0.82, 1.33), or anxiety scores (MD: −0.17; 95% CI: −0.57, 0.22) during the period of SSC. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the salivary cortisol levels (MD: −0.11 μg/dL; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.28) among preterm infants between the 2 groups. However, the crying time was less among full-term infants in the P-SSC group compared with infants in the incubator care or cot care groups. Implications for Practice and Research: P-SSC had similar effects as M-SSC on stress-related outcomes during and after SSC among fathers and infants in the early stages after birth. We recommend that P-SSC be implemented in the early stages after birth. Further RCTs with a longitudinal design and large samples are needed to better understand the long-term effects of P-SSC on fathers and infants.

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Paternal Skin-to-Skin Care and its Effect on Cortisol Levels of the Infants

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Parent–Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact and Stress Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Parent–Infant Skin-to-Skin Contact and Stress Regulation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Systematic review shows the benefits of involving the fathers of preterm infants in early interventions in neonatal intensive care units

The Effect of Paternal Skin-to-Skin Care

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