Paternal education and adverse birth outcomes in Canada

Shapiro, Gabriel D.; Bushnik, Tracey; Sheppard, Amanda J.; Kramer, Michael S.; Kaufman, Jay S.; Yang, Seungmi

doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206894

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, Inadequate GWG was associated with an increased risk of SGA infants among underweight and normal-weight women but not among overweight and obese women 25 . Low educational subjects had higher risk of SGA infants as compared with high educational subjects 26,27 . Few studies have taken into account the effect of these confounders on the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and SGA infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Chen

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Chen

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Missing data on paternal origin was associated with increased odds of stillbirth. A Canadian study found that missing paternal information in general is a strong marker for increased risk of adverse birth outcomes [41]. One could speculate that missing information on paternal origin may be due to poor obstetric history taking from women, perhaps due to communication difficulties, or it may also offer important clues to caregivers related to the woman’s psychosocial environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stillbirth in relation to maternal country of birth and other migration related factors: a population-based study in Norway

Vik

Aasheim

Schytt

et al. 2019

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundMigrant women’s overall increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is well known. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between stillbirth and maternal country of birth and other migration related factors (paternal origin, reason for immigration, length of residence and birthplace of firstborn child) in migrant women in Norway.MethodsNationwide population-based study including births to primiparous and multiparous migrant women (n = 198,520) and non-migrant women (n = 1,156,444) in Norway between 1990 and 2013. Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway. Associations were investigated by multiple logistic regression and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsPrimiparous women from Sri-Lanka and Pakistan, and multiparous women from Pakistan, Somalia, the Philippines and Former Yugoslavia had higher odds of stillbirth when compared to non-migrant women (adjusted OR ranged from 1.58 to 1.79 in primiparous and 1.50 to 1.71 in multiparous women). Primiparous migrant women whose babies were registered with Norwegian-born fathers had decreased odds of stillbirth compared to migrant women whose babies were registered with foreign-born fathers (aOR = 0.73; CI 0.58–0.93). Primiparous women migrating for work or education had decreased odds of stillbirth compared to Nordic migrants (aOR = 0.58; CI 0.39–0.88). Multiparous migrant women who had given birth to their first child before arriving in Norway had higher odds of stillbirth in later births in Norway compared with multiparous migrant women who had their first child after arrival (aOR = 1.28; CI 1.06–1.55). Stillbirth was not associated with length of residence in Norway.ConclusionsThis study identifies sub-groups of migrant women who are at an increased risk of stillbirth, and highlights the need to improve care for them. More attention should be paid to women from certain countries, multiparous women who had their first baby before arrival and primiparous women whose babies have foreign-born fathers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-2140-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Unfortunately, we did not have access to information on paternal education or income. Additional information on paternal education may have explained some of the increased risk because such information is acknowledged to be an independent risk factor for certain adverse neonatal outcomes such as preterm birth [ 35 , 36 ]. To better understand the impact of socioeconomic factors, we did, however, make adjustments for maternal education and mother’s gross income.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal country of origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to foreign-born women in Norway: A population-based cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background Migration is a risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes. The various impacts of maternal origin have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between paternal origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to migrant and Norwegian-born women in Norway. Methods and findings This nationwide population-based study included births to migrant (n = 240,759, mean age 29.6 years [±5.3 SD]) and Norwegian-born women (n = 1,232,327, mean age 29.0 years [±5.1 SD]) giving birth in Norway in 1990–2016. The main exposure was paternal origin (Norwegian-born, foreign-born, or unregistered). Neonatal outcomes were very preterm birth (22 +0 –31 +6 gestational weeks), moderately preterm birth (32 +0 –36 +6 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), low Apgar score (<7 at 5 minutes), and stillbirth. Associations were investigated in migrant and Norwegian-born women separately using multiple logistic regression and reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for year of birth, parity, maternal and paternal age, marital status, maternal education, and mother’s gross income. In births to migrant women, a foreign-born father was associated with increased odds of very preterm birth (1.1% versus 0.9%, aOR 1.20; CI 1.08–1.33, p = 0.001), SGA (13.4% versus 9.5%, aOR 1.48; CI 1.43–1.53, p < 0.001), low Apgar score (1.7% versus 1.5%, aOR 1.14; CI 1.05–1.23, p = 0.001), and stillbirth (0.5% versus 0.3%, aOR 1.26; CI 1.08–1.48, p = 0.004) compared with a Norwegian-born father. In Norwegian-born women, a foreign-born father was associated with increased odds of SGA (9.3% versus 8.1%, aOR 1.13; CI 1.09–1.16, p < 0.001) and decreased odds of moderately preterm birth (4.3% versus 4.4%, aOR 0.95; CI 0.91–0.99, p = 0.015) when compared with a Norwegian-born father. In migrant women, unregistered paternal origin was associated with increased odds of very preterm birth (2.2% versus 0.9%, aOR 2.29; CI 1.97–2.66, p < 0.001), moderately preterm birth (5.6% versus 4.7%, aOR 1.15; CI 1.06–1.25, p = 0.001), SGA (13.0% versus 9.5%, aOR 1.50; CI 1.42–1.58, p < 0.001), low Apgar score (3.4% versus 1.5%, aOR 2.23; CI 1.99–2.50, p < 0.001), and stillbirth (1.5% versus 0.3%, aOR 4.87; CI 3.98–5.96, p < 0.001) compared with a Norwegian-born father. In Norwegian-born women, unregistered paternal origin was associated with increased odds of very preterm birth (4.6% versus 1.0%, aOR 4.39; CI 4.05–4.76, p < 0.001), moderately preterm birth (7.8% versus 4.4%, aOR 1.62; CI 1.53–1.71, p < 0.001), SGA (11.4% versus 8.1%, aOR 1.30; CI 1.24–1.36, p < 0.001), low Apgar score (4.6% versus 1.3%, aOR 3.51; CI 3.26–3.78, p < 0.001), and stillbirth (3.2% versus 0.4%, aOR 9.00; CI 8.15–9.93, p < 0.001) compared with births with a Norwegian-born father. The main limitations of this study were the restricted access to paternal de...

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Paternal education and adverse birth outcomes in Canada

Abstract: Our study suggests that low paternal education increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes, and especially of fetal and infant mortality, independently from maternal characteristics.

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Stillbirth in relation to maternal country of birth and other migration related factors: a population-based study in Norway

Paternal country of origin and adverse neonatal outcomes in births to foreign-born women in Norway: A population-based cohort study

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