Paternal and Maternal Components of the Predisposition to Preeclampsia

Esplin, M. Sean; Fausett, M. Bardett; Fraser, Alison; Kerber, Rich; Mineau, Geri; Carrillo, J.; Varner, Michael W.

doi:10.1056/nejm200103223441201

Cited by 400 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, it is necessary to conduct large-scale researches in the future study of PIH. Furthermore, recent studies supported that uteroplacental renin-angiotensin system also plays an important role in the development of PIH, and that RAS related gene polymorphisms of fetuses as well as fetal-maternal genotype incompatibility might be one of the potential mechanisms of pregnancy complications [52][53][54]. It is suggested that fetal genotypes should also be examined in the future genetic studies of PIH, besides maternal genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of ACE I/D, AGT M235T gene polymorphisms with pregnancy induced hypertension in Chinese population: a meta-analysis

Zhu

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2012

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose There have been many studies concerning the associations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D, angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) among Chinese populations. However, the results were inconsistent, prompting the necessity of meta-analysis. Methods Studies published in English and Chinese were mainly searched in EMbase, PubMed and CBM up to January 2012. Results Twenty-three studies with 3,551 subjects for ACE I/D and seven studies with 1,296 subjects for AGT M235T were included. Significant associations were found between ACE I/D and PIH under dominant, recessive and allelic models. A separate analysis confined to preeclampsia suggested that ACE I/D was associated with preeclampsia under recessive model and allelic model, but not dominant model. Stratified analyses were conducted as meta-regression analysis indicated that the sample size of case group was a significant source of heterogeneity, which suggested no significant association between ACE I/D and PIH in the subgroup of more than 100 cases. Associations were found between AGT M235T and PIH under dominant genetic model (OR01.59; 95 %CI: 1.04-2.42), recessive genetic model (OR01.60; 95 %CI: 1.07-2.40), and allelic model (OR 01.40; 95 %CI: 1.17-1.68). No publication bias was found in either meta-analysis. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggested significant associations between ACE I/D, AGT M235T and PIH in Chinese populations. However, no significant association was found between ACE I/D and PIH in the subgroup of more than 100 cases. Studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to investigate the associations between gene polymorphisms and PIH in Chinese populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of ACE I/D, AGT M235T gene polymorphisms with pregnancy induced hypertension in Chinese population: a meta-analysis

Zhu

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2012

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Finally, we classified pregnancies according to maternal ethnicity but were unable to account for paternity. While paternal factors have been linked to altered preeclampsia risk in some but not all prior studies (43)(44)(45), there is minimal data regarding the effects of paternal race-ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy among Hispanic Women

Wolf¹,

Shah

Jimenez-Kimble³

et al. 2004

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Abstract. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are leading complications of pregnancy that also portend increased risk of future chronic hypertension. Although rates of chronic hypertension differ between non-Hispanic Caucasian and Hispanic women, few studies examined their relative rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in a prospective cohort of normotensive, nulliparous Hispanic (n ϭ 863) and non-Hispanic Caucasian women (n ϭ 2,381). Compared with non-Hispanic Caucasian women, Hispanic women demonstrated a significantly decreased incidence of gestational hypertension (1.6% versus 8.5%; P Ͻ 0.01), but a similar incidence of preeclampsia (3.8% versus 3.7%; P ϭ 0.9). Adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, BP, body mass index (BMI), and multiple gestation uncovered an increased relative risk (RR) for preeclampsia among Hispanic women (RR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3; P ϭ 0.01), while their relative risk for gestational hypertension remained significantly decreased (RR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.72; P Ͻ 0.01). Among women who initially presented with hypertension during pregnancy, Hispanic women were over threefold (hazard ratio 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9 to 6.0; P Ͻ 0.01) more likely to develop preeclampsia than non-Hispanic Caucasian women. Besides Hispanic ethnicity, baseline BP, BMI, diabetes, and multiple gestation were independent risk factors for preeclampsia, whereas only baseline BP and BMI were associated with gestational hypertension. Socioeconomic status and access to prenatal care were not associated with either disorder. Hispanic ethnicity is independently associated with increased risk for preeclampsia and decreased risk for gestational hypertension. The initial presentation of hypertension during pregnancy in Hispanic women most likely represents early preeclampsia.The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, which complicate 6 to 8% of pregnancies (1), are leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and are associated with increased risk of future chronic hypertension (2). Although the characteristic placental pathology of preeclampsia is established during early pregnancy (3), there are no reliable tools for early clinical diagnosis and no effective therapies to prevent disease or improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Importantly, there are also no means to differentiate whether the new onset of hypertension during pregnancy represents gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in which proteinuria has yet to develop. More fundamentally, it remains unclear if preeclampsia and gestational hypertension represent ends of a single pathophysiological spectrum of pregnancy-induced hypertension or distinct disorders with unique biological pathways and differential risk factor profiles.Risk factors for preeclampsia have been studied extensively as preeclampsia is the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy most commonly associated with devastating complications. Nullip...

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“…Familial associations with very complex pathways of heredity are well documented (Albano et al, 1996;Cincotta and Brennecke, 1998;Cross, 2003;Ettinger et al, 2003). Maternal genes as well as fetal genes of either maternal or paternal origin may trigger pre-eclampsia, whereby the risk of a maternal contribution is stronger, as was shown in a population-based cohort study in men and women who were born after pre-eclamptic pregnancies (Esplin et al, 2001;Skjaerven et al, 2005). Affected mothers might carry susceptibility genes, but can also transmit independent genetic risk factors to their fetus, whereas affected fathers transmit only triggering fetal risk factors (Skjaerven et al, 2005).…”

Section: Pre-eclampsiamentioning

confidence: 92%

Paternal age and reproduction

Sartorius

Nieschlag

2009

Human Reproduction Update

286

212

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background: Due to various sociological factors, couples in developed countries are increasingly delaying childbearing. Besides ethical, economical and sociological issues, this trend presents us with several complex problems in reproduction. Although it is well-known that maternal age has a negative effect on fertility and increases the risk of adverse outcome during pregnancy and in offspring, the paternal influence on these outcomes is less well researched and not well-known.methods: We performed a systematic search of PubMed, and retrieved original articles and review articles to update our previous survey in this journal.results: This review highlights the link between male age and genetic abnormalities in the germ line and summarizes the knowledge about the effects of paternal age on reproductive function and outcome. Increasing paternal age can be associated with decreasing androgen levels, decreased sexual activity, alterations of testicular morphology and a deterioration of semen quality (volume, motility, morphology). Increased paternal age has an influence on DNA integrity of sperm, increases telomere length in spermatozoa and is suggested to have epigenetic effects. These changes may, at least in part, be responsible for the association of paternal age over 40 years with reduced fertility, an increase in pregnancy-associated complications and adverse outcome in the offspring. conclusion: Although higher maternal age can be an indication for intensive prenatal diagnosis, including invasive diagnostics, consideration of the available evidence suggests that paternal age itself, however, provides no rationale for invasive procedures.

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Paternal and Maternal Components of the Predisposition to Preeclampsia

Abstract: Both men and women who were the product of a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia were significantly more likely than control men and women to have a child who was the product of a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.

Cited by 400 publications

References 21 publications

Associations of ACE I/D, AGT M235T gene polymorphisms with pregnancy induced hypertension in Chinese population: a meta-analysis

Associations of ACE I/D, AGT M235T gene polymorphisms with pregnancy induced hypertension in Chinese population: a meta-analysis

Differential Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy among Hispanic Women

Paternal age and reproduction

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