Patents for Paper Deacidification

Deacidification of Acidic Books and Paper by Means of Non-aqueous Dispersions of Alkaline Particles: A Review Focusing on Completeness of the Reaction

“…Such technology has been explained and compared in earlier review articles (Porck 1996;Kaminska and Burgess 1994;Liénardy 1994;Kaminska 1995;Blüher and Vogelsanger 2001;Cedzova et al 2006;Ramin et al 2009;Baty et al 2010). Starting in the 1930s, the storage-stability of paper has been quantified by means of accelerated aging tests (Rasch 1931;Rasch and Scribner 1933;Porck 2000;Zervos and Moropoulou 2006;Zervos 2010).…”

“…Such practices increase the complexity and cost of deacidification of books. Thus, the most widely used deacidification methods that have been applied to whole books have been based on non-aqueous treatments, of which there are several competing systems (Liénardy 1994;Blüher and Vogelsanger 2001;Cedzova et al 2006;Baty et al 2010). These have become known as mass-deacidification programs.…”

“…Alum was used in manufacturing most printing paper from the early 1800s up to about 1990 (Hubbe 2005;Cedzova et al 2006). Its purpose included the "setting" of rosin products in the paper, rendering the paper suitably resistant to the penetration of aqueous fluids.…”

Preserving cultural heritage: Analyzing the antifungal potential of ionic liquids tested in paper restoration

“…The use of acidic sizing components and pulping processes, such as the bisulfite process, which were particularly popular throughout the 20 th century, left paper in an acidic state and prone to slow auto-hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds [1, 2]. Furthermore, oxidization of lignin components creates further acidification and hence contributes to progression of paper brittleness [1, 3]. As a result, industrial mass de-acidification of paper-based documents has become an important business with several players involved [4, 5].…”

“…Furthermore, oxidization of lignin components creates further acidification and hence contributes to progression of paper brittleness [1, 3]. As a result, industrial mass de-acidification of paper-based documents has become an important business with several players involved [4, 5]. Current paper standards promoted by library, archive & museum communities, encompassing endogenous alkaline reserves and lignin contents below 1 %, may have reduced the risk of acidic auto-hydrolysis, but today’s paper remains exposed to a variety of other risk factors, warranting further research in preservation and restoration [1].…”