Patents and data-sharing in public science

Eisenberg, Rebecca S.

doi:10.1093/icc/dtl025

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Enke et al [21] states that the legal framework concerning the ownership of research data before and after deposition in a database is complex and involves many uncertainties that deter data sharing (see also [34,97]). Eisenberg [98] even regards the absence of adequate intellectual property rights, especially in the case of patent-relevant research, as a barrier for data sharing and therefore innovation (see also [22,99]). Chandramohan et al [100] emphasize that data collection financed by tax money is or should be a public good.…”

Section: Legal Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Academic Data Sharing?

2014

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Despite widespread support from policy makers, funding agencies, and scientific journals, academic researchers rarely make their research data available to others. At the same time, data sharing in research is attributed a vast potential for scientific progress. It allows the reproducibility of study results and the reuse of old data for new research questions. Based on a systematic review of 98 scholarly papers and an empirical survey among 603 secondary data users, we develop a conceptual framework that explains the process of data sharing from the primary researcher's point of view. We show that this process can be divided into six descriptive categories: Data donor, research organization, research community, norms, data infrastructure, and data recipients. Drawing from our findings, we discuss theoretical implications regarding knowledge creation and dissemination as well as research policy measures to foster academic collaboration. We conclude that research data cannot be regarded as knowledge commons, but research policies that better incentivise data sharing are needed to improve the quality of research results and foster scientific progress.

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Section: Legal Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives Academic Data Sharing?

2014

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“…Institutionally-required MTAs and other technology transfer agreements have therefore been viewed among scientists as imposing restrictions on data sharing rather than facilitating sharing [22]. In our survey, we found substantial failure to comply with requirements related to MTAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Codifying Collegiality: Recent Developments in Data Sharing Policy in the Life Sciences

2014

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Over the last decade, there have been significant changes in data sharing policies and in the data sharing environment faced by life science researchers. Using data from a 2013 survey of over 1600 life science researchers, we analyze the effects of sharing policies of funding agencies and journals. We also examine the effects of new sharing infrastructure and tools (i.e., third party repositories and online supplements). We find that recently enacted data sharing policies and new sharing infrastructure and tools have had a sizable effect on encouraging data sharing. In particular, third party repositories and online supplements as well as data sharing requirements of funding agencies, particularly the NIH and the National Human Genome Research Institute, were perceived by scientists to have had a large effect on facilitating data sharing. In addition, we found a high degree of compliance with these new policies, although noncompliance resulted in few formal or informal sanctions. Despite the overall effectiveness of data sharing policies, some significant gaps remain: about one third of grant reviewers placed no weight on data sharing plans in their reviews, and a similar percentage ignored the requirements of material transfer agreements. These patterns suggest that although most of these new policies have been effective, there is still room for policy improvement.

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“…Genomics research is a complex process that requires collaboration and sharing to integrate several inputs to research, including data, scientific, and informatics skills, computational and storage capacity, and biological materials. While IT improvements reduce technical challenges of long-distance collaboration and sharing, they do not remove institutional, social, or behavioral barriers that prevent them (Eisenberg, 2006). Among others, competition for discovery and publication, conflicting interests, capacity gaps, lack of standards, and common norms still discourage scientific collaboration and open sharing of resources (Campbell and Bendavid, 2003;Hedstrom et al, 2008;Piwowar and Chapman, 2008;Shibayama et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Global Genomics Initiatives and Enabling Data Sharing: Insights from Multiple Case Studies

Fusi

Manzella

Louafi

et al. 2018

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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This genomics global governance research study presents the dynamics and the evolving nature of salient challenges that global genomics initiatives encounter in designing new models for data management, exchange, and collaboration across disciplines, sectors, and countries. Using a multiple case study approach, we assessed and compared organizational responses across diverse genomics initiatives. The richness of a comparative qualitative analysis clearly shows the complexity addressed by genomics initiatives and, importantly, expands current studies by moving beyond an open versus property regime dichotomy. Although we identify some common themes, fundamental differences emerge in the way genomics initiatives set goals, manage heterogeneity, define resources, devise governance, and enable data sharing. Such differences demonstrate the ongoing processes of adapting governance structures, management processes, and organizational design solutions that are implemented in response to different social, technical, and policy environments. We find that genomics initiatives largely benefit from and are shaped by the engagement with large communities of scientists to rethink and design shared rules and guidelines for data exchange and use. Our study provides direct guidance to future global genomics initiatives, but it also offers a benchmark for research in the omics field broadly, both in terms of design and methodological approaches to understand the emerging forms of scientific governance and innovation ecosystems.

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Patents and data-sharing in public science

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

What Drives Academic Data Sharing?

What Drives Academic Data Sharing?

Codifying Collegiality: Recent Developments in Data Sharing Policy in the Life Sciences

Building Global Genomics Initiatives and Enabling Data Sharing: Insights from Multiple Case Studies

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