Patenting basic research: myths and realities

Kirschenbaum, Sheila R.

doi:10.1038/nn932

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The Bayh-Dole Act also allowed universities and inventors to receive royalties from commercialized technology/services [1]–[4]. Prior to the Bayh-Dole Act, the United States government owned and managed intellectual property developed at academic institutions as the result of federal funds, and because of this arrangement, patent protection and licensing of technology was rarely pursued [1], [2]. As the result of advancements in academic- and industry-based research and changes in policies at the federal and institutional levels, academic institutions have become significant contributors to research commercialization via obtaining patents, licensing intellectual property, and forming start-up companies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Barriers Associated with Academic-based Cancer Research Commercialization

Vanderford

Weiss

2013

PLoS ONE

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Commercialization within the academic setting is associated with many challenges and barriers. Previous studies investigating these challenges/barriers have, in general, broadly focused on multiple disciplines and, oftentimes, several institutions simultaneously. The goal of the study presented here was to analyze a range of barriers that may be broadly associated with commercializing academic-based cancer research. This goal was addressed via a study of the barriers associated with cancer research commercialization at the University of Kentucky (UK). To this end, a research instrument in the form of an electronic survey was developed. General demographic information was collected on study participants and two research questions were addressed: 1) What are the general barriers inhibiting cancer research commercialization at UK? and 2) Would mitigation of the barriers potentially enhance faculty engagement in commercialization activities? Descriptive and statistical analysis of the data reveal that multiple barriers likely inhibit cancer research commercialization at UK with expense, time, infrastructure, and lack of industry partnerships being among the most commonly cited factors. The potential alleviation of these factors in addition to revised University policies/procedures, risk mitigation, more emphasis on commercialization by academia research field, and increased information on how to commercialize significantly correlated with the potential for increased commercialization activity. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression modeling demonstrated that research commercialization would incrementally increase as barriers to the process are removed and that PhD-holding respondents and respondents in commercialization-supportive research fields would be more likely to commercialize their research upon barrier removal. Overall, as with other disciplines, these data suggest that for innovations derived from academic cancer-research to move more effectively and efficiently into the marketplace, university administrators and external agents, such as policymakers, need to address what are well-documented and defined issues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Barriers Associated with Academic-based Cancer Research Commercialization

Vanderford

Weiss

2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Private investors for advanced stages of R&D can only be found if exclusivity by IP protection has already been obtained [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patenting of University and Non-University Public Research Organisations in Germany: Evidence from Patent Applications for Medical Research Results

Tinnemann

Özbay²,

Saint³

et al. 2010

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPatents are one of the most important forms of intellectual property. They grant a time-limited exclusivity on the use of an invention allowing the recuperation of research costs. The use of patents is fiercely debated for medical innovation and especially controversial for publicly funded research, where the patent holder is an institution accountable to public interest. Despite this controversy, for the situation in Germany almost no empirical information exists. The purpose of this study is to examine the amount, types and trends of patent applications for health products submitted by German public research organisations.Methods/Principal FindingsWe conducted a systematic search for patent documents using the publicly accessible database search interface of the German Patent and Trademark Office. We defined keywords and search criteria and developed search patterns for the database request. We retrieved documents with application date between 1988 and 2006 and processed the collected data stepwise to compile the most relevant documents in patent families for further analysis. We developed a rationale and present individual steps of a systematic method to request and process patent data from a publicly accessible database. We retrieved and processed 10194 patent documents. Out of these, we identified 1772 relevant patent families, applied for by 193 different universities and non-university public research organisations. 827 (47%) of these patent families contained granted patents. The number of patent applications submitted by universities and university-affiliated institutions more than tripled since the introduction of legal reforms in 2002, constituting almost half of all patent applications and accounting for most of the post-reform increase. Patenting of most non-university public research organisations remained stable.ConclusionsWe search, process and analyse patent applications from publicly accessible databases. Internationally mounting evidence questions the viability of policies to increase commercial exploitation of publicly funded research results. To evaluate the outcome of research policies a transparent evidence base for public debate is needed in Germany.

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Patenting neuroscience: challenges and opportunities in an interdisciplinary field

Ergenzinger¹,

Cunningham²,

Webber

et al. 2004

Nat Rev Neurosci

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Patenting basic research: myths and realities

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A Survey of the Barriers Associated with Academic-based Cancer Research Commercialization

A Survey of the Barriers Associated with Academic-based Cancer Research Commercialization

Patenting of University and Non-University Public Research Organisations in Germany: Evidence from Patent Applications for Medical Research Results

Patenting neuroscience: challenges and opportunities in an interdisciplinary field

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