Patent infections of Ascaris suum in pigs: Effect of previous exposure to multiple, high doses of eggs and various treatment regimes

Stankiewicz, M.; Jonas, Wenke; Froe, D.L.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(92)90007-8

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although we have demonstrated development of protective immunity, as demonstrated by reduced larval recovery after challenge inoculation, there is no evidence to sustain the idea that pigs are thereby protected from acquisition of patent infections. In contrast, Stankiewicz et al . (1992) showed development of patent infections in all pigs that had previously been immunized with eggs and subsequently treated with an anthelmintic before a single challenge inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig: protective memory response after three immunizations and effect of intestinal adult worm population

Jungersen¹,

Eriksen²,

Roepstorff³

et al. 1999

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The protective immune response to larval migration in pigs, with or without adult intestinal worm populations, 10 weeks after 3 weekly Ascaris suum inoculations, was studied in 45 pigs. Controlled adult worm populations were achieved by oral transfer of 10 adult worms to previously immunized pigs after anthelmintic drenching. A significant reduction in larval recovery from lungs on day 7, and small intestine on day 14, was observed in immunized pigs compared with previously uninfected control pigs after challenge inoculation. The strong anamnestic response to larval migration was characterized by blood eosinophilia and specific immune responses measured by peripheral blood enzyme-linked immunospot and immunosorbent assays using larval excretory-secretory products and adult body fluid as well as Western blotting with a panel of stage-specific A. suum antigens. Immune detection of a previously unreported 10 kDa band, specific to the L2 larval stage and egg hatch fluid, emerged in all pigs after challenge, while the major adult body fluid constituent, ABA-1, remained unrecognized. No significant effect of an intestinal adult worm burden on the larval recovery after a challenge inoculation or on the immune response before or after challenge inoculation could be detected. These results indicate that a significant protective memory immune response to A. suum challenge inoculation can be induced in pigs, and that this protective immunity is not significantly modulated by the presence of adult parasites in the gut.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig: protective memory response after three immunizations and effect of intestinal adult worm population

Jungersen¹,

Eriksen²,

Roepstorff³

et al. 1999

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neonatal exposure to A. suum may reduce the immune response to the parasite (e.g. Stankiewicz et al 1992;Stankiewicz and Froe 1995) and result in higher worm burdens (Mejer and Roepstorff 2006a), than observed when pigs are infected at 8-10 weeks of age, when the piglets have a more developed immune system (Eriksen et al 1992). Further, chronic infections with large 'life time worm burdens' increase production losses (Bernardo et al 1990).…”

Section: Egg Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that A. suum can cause production losses in relation to the magnitude of the lifetime worm burden (Bernardo et al 1990). Thus, for organic husbandry, it is of importance that neonatal exposure to A. suum may result in high persistent worm numbers (Stankiewicz et al 1992;Mejer and Roepstorff 2006a) and Trichuris suis (whipworm) may cause bloodstained diarrhoea and even death, when young pigs are heavily exposed (Powers et al 1960;Jensen and Svensmark 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode parasite eggs in pasture soils and pigs on organic farms in Sweden

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The EU regulation for organic pig production requires outdoor access to promote the animal welfare. This may increase the risk of infection of the common pig parasites, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis, because their eggs can survive for many years in the soil. The egg contamination of these parasites in outdoor areas with different managements and the faecal egg output from the pigs was investigated on 11 Swedish organic pig farms in 2008. We found eggs of A. suum and, to a minor extent, T. suis in the soil from outdoor areas, which had previously been used for pig rearing and/or for spreading of pig manure. Piglets and their dams were turned out on pastures included in a crop rotation, and these areas had a mean of 2500 A. suum and 40 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. When the pigs were 12-week-old, the faecal egg counts (FECs) of A. suum were positively correlated with the egg concentration in pasture soils before pig turnout. The areas used by dry sows had a mean of 11,700 A. suum and 220 T. suis eggs per kilogram soil. The highest egg concentrations in the soil were found in areas, frequently used by pigs in the most recent years. To minimise pasture contamination with parasite eggs, it is advised to have a crop rotation system and to inactivate parasite eggs in pig manure before spreading it. Parasite control needs further development to protect suckling piglets from infections due to environmental parasite egg contamination.

show abstract

“…The reason may be that neonatal exposure to A. suum may either heighten susceptibility or induce tolerance to the infection in the exposed pigs (Kelley and Nayak, 1964 ;Stankiewicz et al 1992 ;Stankiewicz and Froe, 1995), resulting in long-term persistence of relatively high numbers of adult worms. However, recent work has shown that very high natural exposure may result in expulsion of intestinal A. suum before 7 weeks p.p., indicating a dose-dependent response to trickle infections even in piglets (Roepstorff, unpublished).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the above-mentioned studies have all used weaned pigs (approx. 10 weeks of age), and work by Stankiewicz et al (1992) indicates that neonatal exposure to A. suum may alter the infection dynamics by increasing susceptibility or tolerance to infection. Organic production systems with outdoor farrowing facilities provide suitable conditions for transmission of A. suum (Roepstorff and Nansen, 1994) and 10 to 12-week-old pigs have been shown to excrete high numbers of A. suum eggs, indicating that the pigs were exposed within a few weeks after being born (Roepstorff et al 1992 ;Carstensen et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascaris suuminfections in pigs born and raised on contaminated paddocks

Mejer¹,

Roepstorff²

2006

Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transmission of Ascaris suum was studied in outdoor reared pigs. From May to June 2001, 6 farrowing paddocks were naturally contaminated with A. suum using experimentally infected seeder pigs. Early July, 1 sow farrowed on each paddock. One piglet per litter was slaughtered every second week starting at week 3 post-partum (p.p.) for registration of liver white spots and recovery of A. suum from the lungs and the small intestine. The last pigs were slaughtered at week 19 p.p. Faeces was examined for parasite eggs and blood was analysed for A. suum-specific antibodies. Weaning took place at week 7 p.p. by removing the sow. Paddock infection levels were estimated by regular examination of soil samples and in late June and late November using parasite naïve tracer pigs. Paddock contamination was high but eggs developed slowly resulting in a low initial transmission to the experimental pigs. By week 5 p.p. transmission had increased and the numbers of infective eggs in the soil increased during the study. The results indicate a continuous uptake of infective eggs, but visceral larval migration was reduced with time, probably due to the development of a pre-hepatic barrier. Nevertheless, a rather large population of adult worms remained in the pigs throughout the study, and it may primarily have been eggs ingested in the early infection phase that gave rise to the patent infections. It is suggested that neonatal exposure may result in increased persistence and size of adult worm burden and that the higher ‘life-time worm burden’ may be of significant economic importance.

show abstract

Patent infections of Ascaris suum in pigs: Effect of previous exposure to multiple, high doses of eggs and various treatment regimes

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig: protective memory response after three immunizations and effect of intestinal adult worm population

Experimental Ascaris suum infection in the pig: protective memory response after three immunizations and effect of intestinal adult worm population

Nematode parasite eggs in pasture soils and pigs on organic farms in Sweden

Ascaris suuminfections in pigs born and raised on contaminated paddocks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About