Patent Foramen Ovale: A Practical and Imaging Based Morphological Classification

Sayin, Begum Yetis; Oto, Ali̇

doi:10.32596/ejcm.galenos.2022.2022-05-032

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PFO length was greater in ESUS patients compared to migraine patients (Migraine: 10 mm [IQR: [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; ESUS: 15 mm [IQR: 7-24], p = .001), while PFO width was similar between the groups (Figure 2).…”

Section: Comparison Of Anatomical and Functional High-risk Pfo Criter...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of echocardiographic and clinical characteristics in embolic stroke and migraine patients with patent foramen ovale

Polat,

Kaya,

Yaylak

et al. 2024

Echocardiography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis single‐center observational study aimed to compare the echocardiographic and clinical features in patients diagnosed with migraine and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) who presented with a known patent foramen ovale (PFO).MethodsTwo‐dimensional and color Doppler images were obtained using various transthoracic echocardiography views for both migraine and ESUS patients. Suspected PFO cases underwent further assessment through contrast echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). High‐risk PFO characteristics were evaluated using TEE, and the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPe) score was calculated.ResultsThe study included 310 participants (age range: 18–60, 73.2% female), with 43.5% diagnosed with migraine and 56.5% with ESUS. Common comorbidities included diabetes (26.1%). High‐velocity shunting through the interatrial septum was observed in 35.5% of patients. ESUS patients were older, with higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, while active smoking was more prevalent among migraine patients. Basic echocardiographic parameters were mostly similar, except for elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure in ESUS. ESUS patients exhibited a greater occurrence of large microbubble passage through the interatrial septum and longer PFO lengths compared to migraine patients. However, the RoPe and High‐risk PFO scores were similar between the groups.ConclusionsESUS patients, characterized by older age and higher rates of diabetes and hypertension, demonstrated increased pulmonary artery pressure, more significant microbubble crossings, and longer PFO lengths. Conversely, migraine patients had a higher prevalence of active smoking. Despite differing clinical profiles, the risk scores for PFO‐related embolic events were comparable between the groups. These findings underscore potential distinctions between ESUS and migraine patients with PFO and their implications for management strategies.

show abstract

Section: Comparison Of Anatomical and Functional High-risk Pfo Criter...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bubbles appearing in the left atrium (shunt occurring) within the third cardiac cycle was taken as a cut off time. 9 Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides a definitive diagnosis and characterization of PFO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of echocardiographic and clinical characteristics in embolic stroke and migraine patients with patent foramen ovale

Polat,

Kaya,

Yaylak

et al. 2024

Echocardiography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 morphology with atrial septal defect, atrial septal aneurysm, or lipomatous hypertrophy. 1 When the patient with ESUS has a PFO (Figure 1), the stroke can be reclassified as PFO-related. 4 The risk criteria for stroke in patients with a PFO can be categorized into clinical, anatomical, functional, and circumstantial criteria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patent foramen oval has a highly variable anatomical morphology with respect to size, tunnel length, redundancy of septum, lipomatous hypertrophy, thickness of septum secundum, and relationship to neighboring structures. 1 The morphology of the interatrial septum can be more complicated when PFO associates defects such as atrial septal aneurysm and atrial septal defects. It can be associated with embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS)-a subcategory of ischemic cryptogenic stroke ranging from 9% to 25% of all stroke patients, migraine, peripheral embolism, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, or Alzheimer's dementia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%