“…Currently, the 2 approaches for PDA closure are surgical closure (285,286) and percutaneous catheter closure. Surgical closure of PDA in the adult may pose some problems due to the friability and/or calcification of the ductus, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm formation, as well as the presence of other unrelated comorbid conditions, such as coronary atherosclerosis or renal disease, that may adversely affect the perioperative risk.…”