“…36 We defined bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; any severity) according to Jobe and Bancalari's original definition, 37 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using the International Classification of ROP guidelines, 38 and intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) according to the criteria of Papile et al 39 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed when the echocardiography showed findings consistent with at least one of the following: Left to right shunt, bidirectional shunt, and systolic or continuous murmur, and these were detected in the contextual presence of above or equal to 2 of the clinical signs such as hyperdynamic precordium, palpitations, systemic arterial hypertension, pulmonary vascular congestion, and cardiomegaly. 40,41 Demographic and clinical information data and nutritional intakes were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 42 Continuous variables were presented as the median and interquartile range (IQ) and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.…”