Patent citations as a tool for analysing the early stages of convergence

Karvonen, Matti; Kässi, Tuomo

doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.05.006

Cited by 177 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Rosenberg pointed out technology convergence in mechanical instrument technology and since then, there were many discussions about its definition. Convergence phenomenon occurs in various fields such as product, service, technology and business, but its definition by scholars is varied [7,16]. However, the nature of convergence is gradually identified by recent in-depth studies, and a consensus among scholars on the definition and classification of convergence is reaching.…”

Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the nature of convergence is gradually identified by recent in-depth studies, and a consensus among scholars on the definition and classification of convergence is reaching. Despite different definitions by scholar, convergence can be generally explained by the concept that discrete and heterogeneous items converted into unity or uniformity, or distinct technologies, devices, or industries are merged into a unified whole [7,9,16,17]. Some use terminology of convergence mixed with a concept of fusion.…”

Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, several scholars have attempted to categorize the identical levels of convergence and measure it in practice [7,14,16]. According to their studies, convergence can be largely classified into the three categories of science convergence, technology convergence and industry convergence.…”

Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice the case that information of journal classification does not consist with the published paper's contents is more than 50% [36]. Therefore, patent citation information is not appropriate for use due to high possibilities on distortion [16,39]. However co-classification analysis is possible to accurately identify because a patent has each code of the technology classification.…”

Section: Measurement Of Technology Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Study on Diffusion Pattern of Technology Convergence: Patent Analysis for Korea

2015

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Technology convergence indicates that technologies of different application areas are converted into a new and common unity of technology. Its range spans from inter-field, whereby technologies are converged between heterogeneous fields in homogeneous sector, to a wider inter-sector, whereby technologies belong to heterogeneous technology sector are converged. This paper determined the definition of technology convergence from previous literature and classified patents into technology category depending on patent information. Furthermore, we empirically measure technology convergence degree based on co-classification analysis and estimate its diffusion trend at the entire technology domain level by using overall 1,476,967 of patents filed to the KIPO (Korean Intellectual Property Office) from 1998 to 2010. As a result, potential size and growth rate of technology convergence are varied by both technology and type of technology convergence, i.e., inter-field and inter-sector technology convergence. Diffusion pattern of inter-sector technology convergence appears as the more various form than that of inter-field technology convergence. In a relationship between potential size and growth rate of technology convergence, growth rate of technology convergence is in inverse proportion to potential size of technology convergence in general. That is, the faster the growth rate of technology convergence, the smaller the potential size of technology convergence. In addition, this paper found that technology convergence of the OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 11547 instrument and chemistry sector is actively progressing in both inter-field and inter-sector convergence, while the technologies related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in electrical engineering sector have relatively mature progress of technology convergence, especially in inter-sector technology convergence.

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Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Studies To Measure Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Technology Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Study on Diffusion Pattern of Technology Convergence: Patent Analysis for Korea

2015

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“…Second, patent applicant has a tendency to reduce citation information as much as possible because it is related with legal problem of invention. Therefore, co-citation analysis may underestimate convergence phenomenon [36][37][38].…”

Section: Identification Of Technological Convergence Trendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Firms’ Cooperative Innovation Strategy on Technological Convergence Performance: The Case of Korea’s ICT Industry

Kim

2017

Sustainability

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Various strategies and policies have been established to facilitate technological convergence as it becomes increasingly important. However, the current status and progress direction of technological convergence is still not clear, as it is difficult to define and measure convergence phenomena. In this situation, this study examines how technological convergence has continued in Korea's information and communication technology (ICT) industry, and, further, which cooperative innovation strategies are more effective in technological convergence. In this study, the convergence level of Korean ICT is measured using patent data from 2011 to 2015. Further, this study analyzes the impact of cooperative innovation strategies on Korean ICT convergence. It is believed that, by classifying technological convergence patent applications by the scope of convergence, the declining inter-field and inter-sector technological convergence has caused a decrease in the number of technological convergence patent applications since 2011. An analysis of the correlations between the strategies and performance of technological convergence indicates that ICT firms' licensing activities play a positive role in creating technologically convergent performance. Specifically, cooperative innovation strategies for not only licensing but also external research contracts and joint research are determined to positively affect performance in inter-sector technological convergence. Meanwhile, only the licensing strategy in inter-field convergence correlates with technological convergence performance. These results will help interpret the driving forces of technological convergence.

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Patent citation analysis: Calculating science linkage based on citing motivation

Chambers

Ding

et al. 2014

Asso for Info Science & Tech

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Science linkage is a widely used patent bibliometric indicator to measure patent linkage to scientific research based on the frequency of citations to scientific papers within the patent. Science linkage is also regarded as noisy because the subject of patent citation behavior varies from inventors/applicants to examiners. In order to identify and ultimately reduce this noise, we analyzed the different citing motivations of examiners and inventors/ applicants. We built 4 hypotheses based upon our study of patent law, the unique economic nature of a patent, and a patent citation's market effect. To test our hypotheses, we conducted an expert survey based on our science linkage calculation in the domain of catalyst from U.S. patent data (2006-2009) over 3 types of citations: self-citation by inventor/applicant, non-self-citation by inventor/applicant, and citation by examiner. According to our results, evaluated by domain experts, we conclude that the non-self-citation by inventor/applicant is quite noisy and cannot indicate science linkage and that selfcitation by inventor/applicant, although limited, is more appropriate for understanding science linkage.

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Patent citations as a tool for analysing the early stages of convergence

Cited by 177 publications

References 47 publications

A Study on Diffusion Pattern of Technology Convergence: Patent Analysis for Korea

A Study on Diffusion Pattern of Technology Convergence: Patent Analysis for Korea

Impact of Firms’ Cooperative Innovation Strategy on Technological Convergence Performance: The Case of Korea’s ICT Industry

Patent citation analysis: Calculating science linkage based on citing motivation

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