Patent Analysis on the Development of the Shale Petroleum Industry Based on a Network of Technological Indices

Abstract

This study investigated the technological developments in the shale petroleum industry by analyzing patent data using a network of technological indices. The technological developments were promoted by the beginning of the shale industry, and after the first five years, it showed a more complex development pattern with the convergence of critical technologies. This paper described progress in the shale petroleum technologies as changes in relatedness networks of technological components. The relatedness represents degree of convergence between technological components, and betweenness centrality of network represents priority of technological components. In the results, the progress of the critical technologies such as directional drilling, increasing permeability, and smart systems, were actively carried out from 2012 to 2016. Especially, unconverged technology of increasing permeability and the converged technology of directional drilling and smart system has been intensively developed. Some technological components of the critical technologies are more significant in the form of converged technology.

Factors of Collaboration Affecting the Performance of Alternative Energy Patents in South Korea from 2010 to 2017

“…In fact, production costs have steadily decreased as a result of recent developments in alternative energy technologies [6][7][8][9]. However, there have been simultaneous technological developments related to fossil fuels in an effort to maintain competition in the future energy market [10][11][12][13]. To ensure a sustainable future, it is necessary to decrease production costs and gain advantage over fossil fuel energy through the technological development of alternative energy.…”

“…1 F: financial support from a national R&D project; 2 U IG: co-patent collaboration between a university, industry, and government 3. UG: co-patent collaboration between a university and government; 4 U I: co-patent collaboration between a university and industry; 5 IG: co-patent collaboration between an industry and government; 6 U IG•F: the U IG collaboration with the financial support; 7 UG•F: the UG collaboration with the financial support; 8 U I•F: the U I collaboration with the financial support; 9 IG•F: the IG collaboration with the financial support; 10 P: PCT granted patent;11 O: years since application date;12 CNP: cumulative number of patents in same technological field;13 N A: number of applicants; 14 N I: number of inventors; 15 NTI: number of IPC; 16 NTC: number of CPC; 17 NCL: number of claims; 18 NBCF: number of backward citations of families; 19 NBCP: number of backward citations of the patent; 20 NBCN: number of backward citations to non-patent document; 21 NF: number of families; 22 NFUS: number of families granted by U.S. patent office; 23 NP: number of priority patents; 24 NPUS: number of priority patents granted by U.S. patent office; 25 BF: bio-fuels; 26 GC: integrated gasification combined cycle; 27 FC: fuel cells; 28 GB: pyrolysis or gasification of bio-mass; 29 HE: harnessing energy from manmade waste; 30 HD: hydro energy; 31 OT: ocean thermal energy conversion; 32 WE: wind energy; 33 SE: solar energy; 34 GE: geothermal energy;…”