Patchouli alcohol ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance and NAFLD via AMPK/SIRT1-mediated suppression of inflammation

Patchouli Alcohol Inhibits D-Gal Induced Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates the Quality of Aging Cartilage via Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Mice

“…The mice in the D-gal and D-gal and PA groups were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (150 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive weeks to induce senescence, while the NOR group received subcutaneous injection of an equivalent dose of normal saline. Based on the initial treatment, beginning at the fourth week, the mice in the D-gal and PA group were intraperitoneally administered with PA (20 mg/kg) [ 20 ]. The unilateral knee specimens were collected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 h for further histological analysis.…”

“…Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was constantly used to assess the viability of cells. In brief, chondrocytes inoculated to 96-well plates were treated with PA (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μ M) or D-gal (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg/ml) for 24 h at 37°C [ 20 , 25 ]. After that, 10 μ l of CCK-8 solution was added to the cell wells and incubated at 37°C for 40 min.…”

“…It has also been currently devoted to treating exogenous fever, vomiting, liver injury, and intestinal barrier impairment [ 19 ]. Patchouli alcohol (PA), the main bioactive component of Pogostemon cablin , has been found to have a variety of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antisteatosis, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory [ 20 , 21 ]. Besides, recent studies have validated that PA markedly suppressed ROS levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activities via the Cyp2e1/ROS/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to ameliorate acute liver injury [ 22 ].…”

Jiangtang Sanhao formula ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance via regulating GLUT4 translocation in diabetic mice

“…The integrative physiology of IR is mainly attributed to the defective insulin action at peripheral target tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue). Among them, skeletal muscle, a vital organ for glucose clearance, taking charge of clearing approximately 75%–80% of postprandial glucose uptake and 95% of glucose uptake under hyperglycemia ( Hagiwara, 2014 ), is deemed as the primary driver for the development of systemic IR ( Carnagarin et al, 2015 ; Merz and Thurmond, 2020 ; Pyun et al, 2021 ). Consequently, remediating IR in skeletal muscle alone is sufficient to maintain systemic glucose homeostasis ( Abdul-Ghani and DeFronzo, 2010 ; Merz and Thurmond, 2020 ).…”

Grafting resveratrol onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards efficient sustainable immunoregulation and insulin resistance alleviation for diabetic periodontitis therapy

“…68 SIRT1, as an NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase and another critical metabolic regulator, is able to attenuate inflammation by downregulating NF- κ B, histone, and AP1-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines. 69,70 AMPK and SIRT1 both have bidirectional regulatory effects and share many common target molecules, 71 also involving the regulation of macrophage polarization. 72 According to our study, MSN-RSV significantly down-regulated p-p65 and p-I κ B while upregulating SIRT1 and p-AMPK in a dose-dependent manner.…”