Patch testing with textile dye mix in Italy: A 2‐year multicenter <scp>SIDAPA</scp> study

Stingeni, Luca; Bianchi, Leonardo; Marietti, Rossella; Ferrucci, Silvia; Zucca, M; Foti, Caterina; Romita, Paolo; Corazza, Monica; Schena, Donatella; Pigatto, Paolo D.; Martina, Emanuela; Patruno, Cataldo; Napolitano, Maddalena; Guarneri, Fabrizio; Bini, Vittorio; Tramontana, Marta; Hansel, Katharina

doi:10.1111/cod.13721

Cited by 4 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Of the individual textile dyes, Disperse Orange 3 (9.6%) and Disperse Blue 106 (4.8%) caused the highest frequency of positive patch test reactions. Disperse Orange 3 caused the highest number of positive reactions to a single textile allergen in multiple studies, 1,5,7 while other studies have shown that Disperse Orange 1, Disperse Blue 124, and Disperse Blue 106 were the main culprits 3,6,8,11,12 . Direct Orange 34, Metanil Yellow, and Disperse Blue 85 had a sensitization rate of <1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have described a range of 31.0%–77.1% of clinically relevant patch test reactions. 4 , 5 , 15 Unfortunately, many studies do not assess the clinical relevance. Interestingly, none of the patients that solely tested positive to non‐TDM dyes had a clinically relevant patch test reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the clinical relevance of sensitization to TDM varies greatly between studies. One study showed that 21% of the patients sensitized to TDM had a clinically relevant contact allergy, while another study showed a clinical relevance of 69.9% 5,7 . This study aimed to assess the added value of performing patch testing with individual textile dyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 Since 2015, a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of eight DDs (Disperse Blue 35, Disperse Orange 1 and 3, Disperse Red 1 and 17, Disperse Yellow 3, and Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124) has been incorporated into the European baseline series (EBS). 5 The prevalence of sensitization to TDM in patients referred to a patch testing clinic has been estimated to be 1.5% to 3.7%. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 Several studies that tested individual textile dyes have shown that Disperse Orange 3, Disperse Orange 1, Disperse Blue 124, and Disperse Blue 106 are the main culprits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study showed that 21% of the patients sensitized to TDM had a clinically relevant contact allergy, while another study showed a clinical relevance of 69.9%. 5 , 7 This study aimed to assess the added value of performing patch testing with individual textile dyes. Other objectives were to determine the sensitization rates of TDM, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), N‐isopropyl‐N‐phenyl‐4‐phenylenediamine (IPPD), and individual textile dyes and to analyze co‐reactions between these tested allergens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and relevance of patch testing with textile dyes

et al. 2022

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Background Textile dye mix (TDM) is included in the European baseline series (EBS), but it is unknown if TDM identifies all patients with a textile dye allergy. Objectives To assess the added value of performing patch testing with individual textile dyes in addition to TDM. Methods Two hundred and nine patients suspected to have a contact allergy to textile dyes were patch tested between January 2015 and December 2021 with the EBS, as well as an individual textile dye test series containing textile dyes part of TDM (TDM‐dyes) and outside the scope of TDM (non‐TDM dyes). Results Fifty‐four patients (25.8%) tested positive for TDM or an individual textile dye. Disperse Orange 3 (9.6%) followed by Disperse Blue 106 (4.8%) were the most common individual textile dyes causing a positive patch test reaction. Of the 54 dye positive patients, 28 (51.9%) had a clinically relevant reaction. No clinically relevant reactions were seen in patients that solely tested positive for non‐TDM dyes. Conclusions It is beneficial to test individual textile dyes in addition to TDM in patients suspected of having a textile dye allergy. Otherwise, 46.3% of the dye positive patients and 35.7% of the patients with a clinically relevant reaction would have been missed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and relevance of patch testing with textile dyes

et al. 2022

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Sensitization to textile dyes in Spain: Epidemiological situation (2019–2022)

Hernández Fernández,

Borrego,

Giménez Arnau

et al. 2024

Contact Dermatitis

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BackgroundCurrent frequency and features for positivity to textile dye mix (TDM) in Spain are unknown.ObjectivesTo study the frequency, clinical features and simultaneous positivity between TDM, para‐phenylenediamine (PPD) and specific disperse dyes.Materials and MethodsWe analysed all consecutive patients patch‐tested with TDM from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC), from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022. Within this group, we studied all selected patients patch‐tested with a textile dye series.ResultsOut of 6128 patients analysed, 3.3% were positive to the TDM and in 34% of them, the sensitisation was considered currently relevant. TDM positivity was associated with working as a hairdresser/beautician and scalp, neck/trunk and arm/forearm dermatitis. From TDM‐positive patients, 57% were positive to PPD. One hundred and sixty‐four patients were patch‐tested with the textile dye series. Disperse Orange 3 was the most frequent positive dye (16%). One of every six cases positive to any dye from the textile dye series would have been missed if patch‐tested with the TDM alone.ConclusionsPositivity to TDM is common in Spain and often associated with PPD sensitisation. TDM is a valuable marker of disperse dyes allergy that should be part of the Spanish and European standard series.

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