Patch test results of the European baseline series among 1309 patients in Turkey between 2013 and 2019

Abstract

Background: Prevalences of sensitivity to contact allergens change over time as a result of variations in allergen exposure. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe trends in sensitisation to allergens of the European baseline series in Turkey between 2013 and 2019. Methods: The patch test results of 1309 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) were analysed retrospectively, and the prevalence of contact allergies to European baseline series allergens was compared with previous data (for 1998-2005). Results: A total of 534 (40.8%) patients exhibited one or more positive patch test reaction. The five most frequent allergens were nickel sulfate (19.6%), potassium dichromate (6.5%), cobalt chloride (6%), Myroxylon pereirae resin (5%), and p-phenylenediamine (PPD; 3.7%). Statistically significant increases in the prevalence of sensitisation to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI; P < .001), Myroxylon pereirae resin (P < .001), PPD (P = .008), and fragrance mix I (P = .036) were observed in the 2013 to 2019 period compared with the 1998 to 2005 period. Conversely, positive reactions to neomycin sulfate (P = .029), clioquinol (P = .031), and primin (P = .001) decreased significantly. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive profile of ACD in Turkey. The remarkable increase in the MI and MCI/MI contact allergy observed underlines the urgent need for regulatory measures to reduce exposure to MI and MCI/MI in Turkey.

Prospective study of consecutive patch testing in patients with contact dermatitis using an adapted Latin American baseline series

“…A personal history of allergic disease was found in 57.3%, while a family history of atopy was noted in 58.7% of patients with a positive patch test. This is in contrast to a scientific study published in 2021, in which only 16% of participants reported a personal history of atopy (18). In another recent study, a history of hypersensitivity was found in one-third of participants (5).…”

“…In another study, the main anatomical site was also the hands, followed by the upper limbs at 64.8% and 44.6%, respectively (16). Similar results were also found in a Turkish study with hand involvement at 49.3% (18). The hands' predominance is due to daily activities, repeatedly exposing hands to various allergens.…”

“…Occupation-related dermatitis was detected in 19.2% of study participants. Another study showed a discrepant prevalence of only 5.4% (18). However, another research showed that an occupational history associated with skin lesions was observed in 21.1%, demonstrating that there is usually significant variability in this prevalence (4).…”

“…On the other hand, the NACDG found 9.2%, with fragrance mix I, being the fourth most commonly involved allergen in CD (17). A comparative study observed increased contact sensitivity to fragrance allergens between 2013 and 2019 compared to 1998 to 2005 (18). Furthermore, these data about prevalence may underestimated the probability of contact allergy to fragrances, as these results cover only eight of 82 haptens known to cause this allergy (20).…”

Patch testing with the Japanese baseline series 2015: A 4‐year experience

“…The positivity rate of PPD in Japan is higher than that in Europe 15,16 . We found no significant sex difference in the positivity rate, and that the positivity rate of PPD increased with age (Table 3 and Figure 1).…”