Pasture intake protects against commercial diet-induced lipopolysaccharide production facilitated by gut microbiota through activating intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme in meat geese

Abstract

IntroductionDiet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the intestinal barrier functions and systemic inflammation through metabolic endotoxemia. In-house feeding system (IHF, a low dietary fiber source) may cause altered cecal microbiota composition and inflammatory responses in meat geese via increased endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharides) with reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production. The effects of artificial pasture grazing system (AGF, a high dietary fiber source) on modulating gut microbiota architecture and gut barrier functions have not been investigated in meat geese. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether intestinal ALP could play a critical role in attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS facilitating NF-κB pathway-induced systemic inflammation in meat geese.MethodsThe impacts of IHF and AGF systems on gut microbial composition via 16 sRNA sequencing were assessed in meat geese. The host markers analysis through protein expression of serum and cecal tissues, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, localization of NF-қB and Nrf2 by immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis of ALP, and quantitative PCR of cecal tissues was evaluated.Results and DiscussionIn the gut microbiota analysis, meat geese supplemented with pasture showed a significant increase in commensal microbial richness and diversity compared to IHF meat geese demonstrating the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ability of the AGF system. A significant increase in intestinal ALP-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway was confirmed representing LPS dephosphorylation mediated TLR4/MyD88 induced ROS reduction mechanisms in AGF meat geese. Further, the correlation analysis of top 44 host markers with gut microbiota showed that artificial pasture intake protected gut barrier functions via reducing ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway-induced gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and aging phenotypes. In conclusion, the intestinal ALP functions to regulate gut microbial homeostasis and barrier function appear to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines by reducing LPS-induced ROS production in AGF meat geese. The AGF system may represent a novel therapy to counteract the chronic inflammatory state leading to low dietary fiber-related diseases in animals.

Supplementing Ryegrass Ameliorates Commercial Diet-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis-Associated Spleen Dysfunctions by Gut–Microbiota–Spleen Axis

“…Low-dietary-fiber-dependent gut microbial LPS-induced oxidative stress [ 2 ] undergoes systemic inflammation in the spleen [ 6 ] and inflammatory diseases [ 40 ]. Today, the current poultry industry is based on low-dietary-fiber-enriched feed ingredients [ 30 ], which may lead to higher growth performance with compromised intestinal infections, low immunity, and metabolic diseases [ 31 ].…”

“…The microbial community genomic DNA and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined using the method described by Ali et al [ 2 ].…”

“…On the other hand, a higher utilization of saturated fats, salts, animal protein sources, and sugars damages beneficial bacteria, leading to substantial alterations in gut microbiota richness and gut barrier dysfunctions. However, the use of plant protein sources and dietary fibers may be linked with an increased number of beneficial bacteria [ 2 ]. Dietary fat, to varying degrees, can cause oxidative stress in the gut’s epithelial cells [ 3 ].…”

“…The production of oxidative stress due to altered gut microbial LPS activation may lead to systemic inflammation [ 2 , 6 , 7 ], metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases, including type II diabetes, sepsis, splenectomy, etc. [ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…However, these improvements are dangerous for visceral growth and may cause low immunity, intestinal infections, and metabolic diseases [ 31 ]. Recently, we have investigated the useful impacts of ryegrass on regulating the gut microbiota, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics in Wanfu geese [ 2 ]. Based on previous reports that the gut–microbiota–spleen axis modulates systemic inflammation-related processes [ 18 , 19 , 32 ], we aimed to investigate the effects of ryegrass on attenuating the gut microbial alteration-associated spleen dysfunctions in geese.…”