L. monocytogenes has evolved various mechanisms for carbon source utilization, stress adaptation and virulence factors that allow for transmission from the food environment to the human GI tract. The mechanisms of carbon sources utilization and stress adaptation discovered in this bacterium include numerous catabolic enzymes, transporter systems and gene expression regulating proteins [1, 6, 12, 22, 23]. Activation of L. monocytogenes virulence factors is primarily regulated via transcription regulator PrfA (positive regulatory factor A) [1, 3, 24]. The activity of PrfA is modulated by selected environmental signals at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, including temperature and the availability of efficiently metabolizable carbon sources [1, 24]. For example glycerol and lactose, resulted in differential activation of SigB and stress resistance in L. monocytogenes [25].PrfA expression is also controlled through stress response regulatory proteins such as Sigma B [24, 26]. Therefore, the impact of carbon source utilization on stress resistance activation and virulence of L. monocytogenes deserves more detailed analysis.L. monocytogenes is a well-studied model for intracellular infection [1, 3]. L. monocytogenes binds to epithelial host cells and promotes invasion in a process mediated by InlA (Internalin A) [1,[27][28][29] and InlB (Internalin B) [26, 28, 29], but also other factors have been reported to contribute to the process, including Listeria Adhesion Protein (LAP) [1, 30, 31] and other host cell surface modulation
Shell Proteins of BMCsBMCs are typically about 40-200 nm in diameter and are made of three types of shell proteins: hexamers (BMC-H), pseudohexamers (BMC-T), and pentamers (BMC-P) [52-54]. Hexamers and pseudohexamers are formed by the classical BMC shell proteins containing the Pf00936 domain, while pentamers are formed by the non-classical BMC shell proteins containing the Pf03319 domain [50, 55].A0A0B6X1Q4 Carboxysome shell protein Acidobacteria Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes 5.80E-24 A0A0B6X4B3 Carboxysome shell protein Acidobacteria Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes 2.60E-23 A0A143PG95 Ethanolamine utilization protein EutM Acidobacteria Luteitalea pratensis 1.70E-22 A0A0B6X296 Carboxysome shell protein Acidobacteria Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes 2.60E-21 A0A143PYA9 Ethanolamine utilization protein EutM Acidobacteria Luteitalea pratensis 2.60E-20 Q02C23 Microcompartments protein Acidobacteria Solibacter usitatus (strain Ellin6076) 3.40E-20 A0A143PPE2 Propanediol utilization protein PduA Acidobacteria Luteitalea pratensis 5.30E-20 Q02C83 Microcompartments protein Acidobacteria Solibacter usitatus (strain Ellin6076) 7.40E-20 Q029G1 Microcompartments protein Acidobacteria Solibacter usitatus (strain Ellin6076) 4.40E-18 A8AEM1 Uncharacterized protein Proteobacteria Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895 2.10E-40 D2TPS2 Propanediol utilization protein PduT Proteobacteria Citrobacter rodentium (strain ICC168) 3.60E-40 A0A1T4W4Z8 Shell CcmL/EutN Proteobacteria Desulfovibrio bizertensis...