Pasteurella multocida infection of poultry farm rats

Curtis, PE; Ollerhead, GE; Ellis, CE

doi:10.1136/vr.107.14.326

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Thirdly, mammals are known to host and transmit P . multocida to poultry [ 57 , 58 ], so one could expect the introduced brown rat to play a role in the local circulation of this pathogen. Brown rats were accidently introduced at least one century ago by boats onto the island, where they now roam, including within seabird colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms of bacterial inter-season maintenance and the elucidation of transmission pathways during the breeding seasons must be urgently assessed. The putative role of brown rats as maintenance hosts has been extensively documented in other situations [ 58 – 60 ] and rats could actually be maintaining the bacteria between breeding seasons while seabirds are absent from the island [ 55 , 56 ]. In addition, rats and seabird chicks are both preyed by brown skuas, which may transmit the bacteria from rodents to albatrosses and between albatrosses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian cholera outbreaks threaten seabird species on Amsterdam Island

et al. 2018

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Infectious diseases may be particularly critical for the conservation of endangered species. A striking example is the recurrent outbreaks that have been occurring in seabirds on Amsterdam Island for the past 30 years, threatening populations of three Endangered seabird species and of the endemic, Critically Endangered Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. The bacteria Pasteurella multocida (avian cholera causative agent), and to a lesser extent Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (erysipelas causative agent), were both suspected to be responsible for these epidemics. Despite this critical situation, demographic trends were not available for these threatened populations, and the occurrence and characterization of potential causative agents of epizootics remain poorly known. The aims of the current study were to (i) provide an update of population trends for four threatened seabird species monitored on Amsterdam Island, (ii) assess the occurrence of P. multocida, and E. rhusiopathiae in live birds from five species, (iii) search for other infectious agents in these samples and, (iv) isolate and genotype the causative agent(s) of epizooties from dead birds. Our study shows that the demographic situation has worsened substantially in three seabird species during the past decade, with extremely low reproductive success and declining populations for Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses Thalassarche carteri, sooty albatrosses Phoebetria fusca, and northern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes moseleyi. Pasteurella multocida or E. rhusiopathiae were detected by PCR in live birds of all five investigated species, while results were negative for eight additional infectious agents. A single strain of P. multocida was repeatedly cultured from dead birds, while no E. rhusiopathiae could be isolated. These results highlight the significance of P. multocida in this particular eco-epidemiological system as the main agent responsible for epizootics. The study stresses the urgent need to implement mitigation measures to alter the course of avian cholera outbreaks threatening the persistence of seabird populations on Amsterdam Island.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian cholera outbreaks threaten seabird species on Amsterdam Island

et al. 2018

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“…The relevance of rodent control to reducing the risks of infection with pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Pasteurella are well known and have been called for in the past (Curtis et al 1980;Meerburg & Kijlstra 2007). However, the implication that AIV may possibly be transmitted by rodents could be an additional motivation for poultry farmers to implement preventive measures, such as effective rodent-proofing of poultry houses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infections on layer farms between flocks (Umali et al 2012). Rodents have also been implicated in transmission of Pasteurella multocida (Curtis et al 1980;Curtis 1983), Erysipelas, Bordetella, Leptospirosis and Fowl pox virus (Hinkle & Corrigan 2013). Identical isolates of Brachyspira spp.…”

Section: Potential For Contact Between Rodents and Poultrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of rodents in avian influenza outbreaks in poultry farms: a review

Velkers

Blokhuis

Kroeze³

et al. 2017

Veterinary Quarterly

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Wild migratory birds are associated with global avian influenza virus (AIV) spread. Although direct contact with wild birds and contaminated fomites is unlikely in modern non-free range poultry farms applying biosecurity measures, AIV outbreaks still occur. This suggests involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission between wild birds and poultry. This review describes current evidence of the potential role of rodents in AIV transmission from wild birds to poultry and between poultry houses. Rodents can be abundant around poultry houses, share their habitat with waterfowl and can readily enter poultry houses. Survival of AIV from waterfowl in poultry house surroundings and on the coat of rodents suggests that rodents are likely to act as mechanical vector. AIVs can replicate in rodents without adaptation, resulting in high viral titres in lungs and nasal turbinates, virus presence in nasal washes and saliva, and transmission to na€ ıve contact animals. Therefore, active AIV shedding by infected rodents may play a role in transmission to poultry. Further field and experimental studies are needed to provide evidence for a role of rodents in AIV epidemiology. Making poultry houses rodent-proof and the immediate surroundings unattractive for rodents are recommended as preventive measures against possible AIV introduction.

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“…It has been suggested that rats may play a significant part in the epidemiology of pasteurellosis in poultry and that rat bites may account for some primary infections in these birds (Curtis et al, 1980). Experimentally it has been demonstrated that a rat bite can actually transmit infection to domestic poultry (Curtis, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%