Pasteurella multocida in Cows: Identification of the Isolates by VITEK2 System and Detection of Toxigenic Strains by One-step ELISA

Abstract

P . multocida is recognized as an important veterinary pathogen that causing diseases in different animal species and is the reason for many illnesses of high economic importance; such as, avian fowl cholera (Elalamy et al., 2020), hemorrhagic septicemia, enzootic pneumonia, and swine atrophic rhinitis (Ahmed et al., 2014). In humans, zoonoses often occur because of scratches, bites, or being licked by domestic pet animals, and the respiratory tract infection may also occur (Casolari and Fabio, 1988). P. multocida is often linked to the extended cases of bovine respiratory disease. Decreased appetite is an early symptom of infection. Signs of serious infection including loss of appetite, high fever, lowered head and ears, hard breathing, and muco-purulent nasal discharge. Infected animals will often suffer from a reluctance to move around, rapid shallow respiratory rate, and a moist cough. At this stage, if the animal is not treated, its lungs become irreversibly damaged, and it will die (Anderson and Rings, 2009). Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a serious disease that affects buffaloes and cattle. It is caused by certain types of P. multocida that appear in southern Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (OIE, 2012). P. multocida causes great losses, especially when animals are exposed to wet, chilly weather (Benkirane and Alwis, 2002). All animal ages are affected by P. multocida; however,