Past, present and future: overview on histology and histopathology

Musumeci, Giuseppe

doi:10.7243/2055-091x-1-5

Cited by 54 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…However, there are other several staining technicques used for particular cells and components ( Black, 2012 ). Staining is a commonly used medical process in the medical diagnosis of tumors in which a dye color is applied on the posterior and anterior border of the sample tissues to locate the diseased or tumorous cells or other pathological cells ( Musumeci, 2014 ). In biological studies staining is used to mark cells and to flag nucleic acids, proteins or the gel electrophoresis to aid in the microscopic examination ( Jackson & Blythe, 2013 ).…”

Section: Specific Aspects Of Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study

Alturkistani¹,

Tashkandi²,

Mohammedsaleh³

2015

GJHS

303

165

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The history of histology indicates that there have been significant changes in the techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques, collectively referred to as histochemistry. Early histologists used the readily available chemicals to prepare tissues for microscopic studies; these laboratory chemicals were potassium dichromate, alcohol and the mercuric chloride to harden cellular tissues. Staining techniques used were carmine, silver nitrate, Giemsa, Trichrome Stains, Gram Stain and Hematoxylin among others.The purpose of this research was to assess past and current literature reviews, as well as case studies, with the aim of informing ways in which histological stains have been improved in the modern age. Results from the literature review has indicated that there has been an improvement in histopathology and histotechnology in stains used. There has been a rising need for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures. Many stain procedures are still in use today, and many others have been replaced with new immunostaining, molecular, non-culture and other advanced staining techniques. Some staining methods have been abandoned because the chemicals required have been medically proven to be toxic. The case studies indicated that in modern histology a combination of different stain techniques are used to enhance the effectiveness of the staining process. Currently, improved histological stains, have been modified and combined with other stains to improve their effectiveness.

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Section: Specific Aspects Of Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study

Alturkistani¹,

Tashkandi²,

Mohammedsaleh³

2015

GJHS

303

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cell's morphology structure is an essential feature to help the pathologist to decide the type of disease, and another one is the color appearance of the each blood component, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets [1]. The staining is a fundamental procedure which affects on the color appearance of each blood component [2]. After the staining procedure, the nuclei appear within cells blue and the cytoplasm appears with light blue, magenta or red according to the WBC type, which will constitutionally influence the diagnosis decision on various diseases [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel enhancement technique for pathological microscopic image using neutrosophic similarity score scaling

Shahin¹,

Amin

Sharawi

et al. 2018

Optik

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In 2011, Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) certified the automated cell morphology (ACM) systems for medical use in USA. The brightness, contrast and color appearance are all factors that play a major role in the diagnosis of many blood diseases. Accordingly, enhancement of pathological microscopic image (PMI) is a crucial step to increase the efficiency of computer assisted software. Some of the previous PMI enhancement methods neglected the illumination information and others used a reference image for template matching. These methods worked under strictly controlled conditions. In this paper, a robust technique is proposed for pathological images enhancement based on neutrosophic similarity score scaling. The color image is separated into three channels, and then each channel is represented in the neutrosophic domain into three subsets T, I and F. Neutrosophic similarity score (NSS) under multi-criteria are computed and used to scale the input image. The main contribution of this paper is that red, green and blue coefficients derived from the neutrosophic calculations lead directly to an adaptive pathology image enhancement and take into consideration many color image quality (IQ) parameters like illumination, contrast and color balance where it does not focus on a single IQ parameter like previous methods. In the experiments, several microscopic image quality measurements are utilized to evaluate the proposed method's performance versus the previous enhancement techniques. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed system is promising with low complexity, adaptive with different resolution and lighting conditions. This provides the basis for automatic medical diagnosis and further processing of medical images.

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“…Histopathology, on the other hand, has been playing significant role in clinical medicine since as early as 19 th century (Musumeci 2014 ). And after all these years, it still remains the tool for ultimate diagnosis of bone and soft tissue growths and tumors (Traina et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s not what it looks like: challenges in diagnosis of synovial lesions of the knee joint

Dash

Gavai

Wade³

et al. 2016

J EXP ORTOP

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BackgroundWith the advent of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Synovial lesions around knee are being more and more easily detected. Synovial lesions of knee present with boggy swelling, effusion, pain, and restriction of motion. Differential diagnoses of such lesions include pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial lipoma, synovial chondromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, synovial hemangioma, amyloid arthropathy, xanthomata and lipoma arborescens. CT and MRI often help in diagnosis of such lesions. MRI of Lipoma Arborescens has been regarded to have characteristic diagnostic appearance – it includes a synovial mass with frond-like architecture and fat signal intensity on all pulse sequences. Sometimes Lipoma Arborescens can present in conjunction with inflammatory arthritis. Synovectomy is often curative for such conditions.FindingsWe report two cases where lesions diagnosed as Lipoma Arborescens on MRI subsequently revealed to be chronic inflammatory synovitis, characterized by absence of fat infiltration in histopathological examination – refuting the original diagnosis. There was infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the synovium, suggestive of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Both of these patients required management from rheumatologist, and had relief of symptoms after use of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine. We also report a third case, where a loose body appearing as chondral fragment on arthroscopy was subsequently diagnosed as an organized hematoma on histopathological examination.ConclusionDiagnostic pitfalls after MRI of the knee is not uncommon. For example - normal variant of meniscomeniscal ligaments have been reported as meniscal tears; motion artifacts have been falsely reported as meniscal injuries; and meniscofemoral ligament can appear as free osteochondral fragment. In most of these cases, a routine arthroscopy is enough to clear the confusion. However, as evident in the three cases described here - in some synovial lesions of knee joint, even after MRI and arthroscopic examination, histopathological confirmation may still be prudent. In spite of availability of advanced imaging technologies and high definition arthroscopy equipment, an arthroscopy surgeon still must not forget the value of histopathological examination in establishing the true nature of synovial lesions of the knee joint.

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Past, present and future: overview on histology and histopathology

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study

Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study

A novel enhancement technique for pathological microscopic image using neutrosophic similarity score scaling

It’s not what it looks like: challenges in diagnosis of synovial lesions of the knee joint

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