Past, Present, and Future of Transparent Soils

Iskander, Magued; Bathurst, Richard J.; Omidvar, Mehdi

doi:10.1520/gtj20150079

Cited by 107 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The investigation of multiphase flow using transparent porous media (Iskander et al, 2015), where the indices of refraction of the solid grains and the wetting fluid are matched (Frette et al, 1992; Stöhr and Khalili, 2006; Ovdat and Berkowitz, 2006; Kong et al, 2009; Peters et al, 2011; Siemens et al, 2013, 2014; Siemens and Oldroyd, 2014; Kashuk et al, 2014; Black and Take, 2015), is an alternative optical technique. The use of transparent porous media allows relatively inexpensive measurements to be made at high spatial and temporal resolutions for greater sample depths than are possible using light reflection or transmission techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A variety of different media and pore fluids have been used to create transparent systems. Iskander et al (2015) subdivided transparent soils into five solid–liquid families. The solid–liquid families included a precipitated silica–mineral oil blend, silica gel–mineral oil blend, aqua beads–water, crushed quartz–mineral oil blend, quartz–sucrose solution or quartz–sodium thiosulfate treated sodium iodide, and laponite–water.…”

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Quantification of Fluid Saturations in Transparent Porous Media

Sills

Mumford

Siemens

2017

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas Imaging techniques are powerful for investigating multiphase flow in porous media. Transparent porous media can be used to quantify local fluid saturations. Efficient methods to calibrate intensity–saturation relationships are required. Our new procedure uses fewer images and measurements. Predicted saturations based on calibrated images matched independent measurements. Experiments using transparent porous media, where the indices of refraction of the solid grains and the wetting fluid are matched, can be used to quantify fluid saturations from digital images. In this study, significantly more efficient calibration and validation methods for unsaturated transparent porous media were developed, which used just three images and one saturation measurement. Imbibition and drainage column experiments were used to define the pixel intensity and saturation at residual wetting fluid saturation, as well as at residual nonwetting fluid saturation in two gradations of transparent porous media used for validation. The other images were pixel intensity at 100 and 0% wetting fluid saturation. Results from the drainage and imbibition experiments on the two transparent porous media gradations showed a log‐linear saturation–pixel intensity relationship, which agreed with the validation points from this study as well as those using a previous calibration method. We expect that this new calibration procedure will allow efficient development of saturation–pixel intensity relationships for the investigation of multiphase flow using transparent porous media under a variety of conditions.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Quantification of Fluid Saturations in Transparent Porous Media

Sills

Mumford

Siemens

2017

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…It is synthesized by two or more than two materials which have the similar refractive index (RI), thus it shows a better transparency. In the existing researches, amorphous silica powder and silica gel were most used as aggregate to synthesize TRSM, and the pore fluid were mineral oil and calcium bromide solution [19].…”

Section: Study Of the Trsmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion of Visual Technique for Seepage Experiment Based on Transparent Rock-Soil Material

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Song³

et al. 2017

TOCIEJ

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Introduction:Due to the fact that the model experiment can simulate the flow process and movement law of fluid during the seepage experiment, seepage model experiment was widely applied to study the hydraulic characteristics of rock-soil mass and transportation of ground water and pollutants. While due to the opacity of the model medium in traditional seepage experiment, the flow process, diffusion law and occurrence state of fluid can not be observed intuitively during the experiment. Method:A new technique of seepage model experiment based on transparent rock-soil material (TRSM) was introduced in this paper, combined with optical observation method, digital imaging process technology and tracer technique, so as to realize the visual observation of seepage process. Results:The advantages and disadvantages compared with the traditional experiment were analyzed and the theoretical foundation for carrying out the seepage experiment based on TRSM was established.

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“…It has been used by many researchers to investigate the deformation and flow in soil, and soil structure interaction (Liu et al, 2003;Iskander et al, 2015). In the early trials, glass beads and a fluid of same refractive index were used to prepare transparent sands (Wakabayashi 1950;Drescher 1976;Allersma 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Properties of a Transparent Sand

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

dtmse

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ABSTRACT:A new type of transparent sand made of a fused quartz sand (i.e. glass sand) and the mixture of two white mineral oils was introduced as a material for geotechnical visualization model tests in this paper. The transparent sand possessed significant advantages in transparency. In indoor natural light environment, the clear visible depth of the transparent sand was 14cm, and the maximum visible depth can be 20cm. Laboratory tests including direct shear, one dimensional compression, compaction, consolidation-drained triaxial and permeability tests were conducted to investigate the geotechnical properties of the material. The results showed that the material was similar in many properties to natural sands. The transparent sand had great potential to be used in laboratory tests on geotechnical structures in observing soil deformation.

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Past, Present, and Future of Transparent Soils

Cited by 107 publications

References 87 publications

Quantification of Fluid Saturations in Transparent Porous Media

Quantification of Fluid Saturations in Transparent Porous Media

Discussion of Visual Technique for Seepage Experiment Based on Transparent Rock-Soil Material

Geotechnical Properties of a Transparent Sand

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