The role of thermal petrophysics in modelling basin and petroleum systems has been growing in recent years for at least three major reasons. First, the results of deep continental scientific drilling have led to dramatic changes in the understanding of the thermal regime at substantial depths in the interior of the Earth (Emmerman & Lauterjung, 1997; Popov, Popov, Chekhonin, Spasennykh, & Goncharov, 2019). Second, temperature is a key parameter for determining the transformation of kerogen into oil and gas, and its evaluation is impossible without reliable data on thermal properties. The most sophisticated and appropriate modelling techniques for analysing thermal histories and organic maturation levels may fail when applied to real basins if the thermal conductivity