Past perspectives for the future: foundations for sustainable development in East Africa

Marchant, Robert; Lane, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.005

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…As the rate of global climate change accelerates in the twenty-first century, understanding how people of the past adapted to prior instances of climate change is critical to calibrate the range of adaptive responses moving forward (Marchant and Lane 2014). The inhabitants of the Turkana Basin have proven resilient to extreme changes in their landscape by either engaging in generalized or specialized modes of subsistence as the circumstances warrant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000 years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels Afr Archaeol Rev (2015) ensued after 9,000 years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000 years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research.Résumé Tout l'Holocène, le lac Turkana a été soumis à des changements drastiques dans l'altitude des lacs et les stratégies de subsistance des gens utilisent pour survivre dans cette région chaude et aride. Dans cet article, nous reconstruisons la position du lac au cours de l'Holocène dans un contexte paléoclimatique. Mécanismes de forçage atmosphériques sont discutées afin de contextualiser les changements de paysage plus larges qui se produisent en Afrique orientale au cours des 12.000 dernières années. L'Holocène est divisé en cinq phases principales en fonction des changements dans l'évolution altitude du lac, paléoclimats et les stratégies de subsistance humains pratiqués dans le bassin. Premiers établissements de pêche de l'Holocène ont eu lieu à proximité d'altitude d'eau élevés et relativement stables. Une période d'oscillations de grande amplitude dans l'altitude du lac s'ensuit après 9000 années BP et les établissements humains semblent avoir été situé à proximité des marges sur le lac. Aridification et une régression finale du altitude des lacs s'ensuit après 5000 années BP et les communautés humaines sont généralisées éleveurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs. Au cours de l'Holocène tardif, les altitudes des lacs pourraient avoir chuté en dessous de leur position actuelle et les stratégies de subsistance semblent avoir fait preuve de souplesse et de temps en temps spécialisé sur le pas...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

et al. 2015

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“…Diseases at wildlife-livestock interfaces in East Africa are a substantial concern for livestock holders and conservationists, and misconceptions arise as to whether wild mammals are the main source of pathogens in domestic stock (Kock, 2005, Caron et al, 2003. In Kenya, rangelands account for 80% of the landmass and are shared by diverse wildlife communities coexisting with pastoralist livestock populations, which is considered a largely beneficial interaction with ecological and trophic benefits (Schieltz andRubenstein, 2016, Marchant andLane, 2014). Human populations residing in rangelands depend on livestock production, which is characterized by utilization of the ecosystem through livestock mobility, and shared pasture and water resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya

Omondi

Gakuya

Arzt

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Transmission of pathogens at wildlife-livestock interfaces poses a substantial challenge to the control of infectious diseases, including for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in African buffalo and cattle. The extent to which buffalo play a role in the epidemiology of this virus in livestock populations remains unresolved in East Africa. Here, we show that FMDV occurs at high seroprevalence (~77%) in Kenyan buffalo. In addition, we recovered 80 FMDV VP1 sequences from buffalo, all of which were serotype SAT1 and SAT2, and seventeen FMDV VP1 sequences from cattle, which included serotypes A, O, SAT1 and SAT2. Notably, six individual buffalo were co-infected with both SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes. Our results suggest that transmission of FMDV between sympatric cattle and buffalo is rare. However, viruses from FMDV outbreaks in cattle elsewhere in Kenya were caused by viruses closely related to SAT1 and SAT2 viruses found in buffalo. We also show that the circulation of FMDV in buffalo is influenced by fine-scale geographic features, such as rivers, and that social segregation amongst sympatric herds may limit between-herd transmission. Our results significantly advance knowledge of the ecology and molecular epidemiology of FMDV at wildlife-livestock interfaces in Eastern Africa, and will help to inform the design of control and surveillance strategies for this disease in the region.

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“…Rapid compositional and distributional changes, particularly during the past few hundred years, are attributed to anthropogenic modifications that are superimposed on long-term climatic and landscape changes (Dearing et al 2010). It is crucial to have a paleo perspective to disentangle interactions of how the environment, ecosystems, animals and people have combined to influence current ecosystem states, and to learn how lessons from the past can be used to predict and constrain possible future trajectories (Marchant and Lane 2014). the savanna ecosystems of East Africa are characterized by relatively rapid population growth, changing political, economic, social and cultural contexts, and an agricultural system that is increasingly focused on relatively recently adopted crops, such as maize and market gardening, for regional and international export.…”

Section: Science Highlights: Sustaining Earth's Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Entangled ecosystem-people-animal interactions: perspectives from the East African savannas

Marchant¹,

Mustaphi²,

Githumbi³

2017

PAGES Mag

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Past perspectives for the future: foundations for sustainable development in East Africa

Cited by 48 publications

References 103 publications

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya

The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya

Entangled ecosystem-people-animal interactions: perspectives from the East African savannas

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