Past History Shapes Evolution of Reproductive Success in a Global Warming Scenario

Santos, Marta A.; Antunes, Marta A; Grandela, Afonso; Carromeu-Santos, Ana; Quina, Ana Sofia; Santos, Mauro; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Simões, Pedro

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4232931

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Our findings reveal differences in the evolutionary dynamics of populations of different geographical origin. In fact, the high latitude populations showed a more tardy response to thermal selection, being only evident after more than 50 generations of thermal evolution, contrary to the response already obtained for the low latitude populations by generation 39 (Santos et al 2023b). Apart from the tempo of the response, it is also important to note that the patterns observed in each geographical population were also somewhat different, with stronger evidence suggesting that the relative performance of thermal selection regimes varied between assay environments in the low latitude populations but less so in the high latitude ones.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…We previously found that the evolutionary response of populations to warming conditions was slow and specific to the history of the populations. In fact, thermal adaptation was only observed in the populations of low latitude after 39 generations, but not after 22 generations in a warming environment (Santos et al 2023b). We also found minor evidence supporting costs for this thermal adaptation (Santos et al 2023b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, thermal adaptation was only observed in the populations of low latitude after 39 generations, but not after 22 generations in a warming environment (Santos et al 2023b). We also found minor evidence supporting costs for this thermal adaptation (Santos et al 2023b). These findings highlight the importance of a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of thermal responses in different populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We here focus on the long-term adaptive response of our warming-evolved populations by analysing their reproductive success after more than 50 generations of thermal evolution. With this analysis we also aim to test the repeatability of patterns relative to those observed at generation 39 (Santos et al 2023b). Coupling data from two long-term assays (generations 39 and 52) we expect to find a more robust adaptive response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term evolution experiments fully reveal the potential for thermal adaptation

Antunes,

Grandela,

Matos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Climate change is leading to biodiversity decline at an unprecedented pace. Evolutionary responses may be crucial for organisms ability to cope with prolonged effects of climate change. It is thus fundamental to understand the dynamics of adaptation to warming environments in order to predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. In particular, addressing how reproductive success evolves in deteriorating environments is extremely relevant, as this trait is more likely constrained at lower temperatures than upper physiological thermal limits. Experimental evolution udner a warming environment can illucidate the potential of populations to respond to rapid environmental changes. The few studies following such framework lack analysis of long-term response. We here focus on the long-term adaptive response of Drosophila subobscura populations evolving under a warming environemnt, analysing the reproductive success after 39 and 52 generations of thermal evolution. We found that long-term adaptation to higher temperatures can occur but the pace of such response is slow and likely dependent on low rates of environmental change. Furthermore, we observed that the magnitude of the response is relatively mild. In addition, the evolutionary dynamics differs between populations of distinct geographical origin, with the higher latitude populations only showing an adaptive response to the warming environment in a more advanced generation. This study reinforces the need for long-term evolution experiments to fully reveal the potential for thermal response. It also highlight that the scrutiny of several populations in this context is needed for a measure of variation within a species. Accounting for these sources of variation - both temporal and spatial - will allow for more robust assessments of climate change responses.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term evolution experiments fully reveal the potential for thermal adaptation

Antunes,

Grandela,

Matos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…These negative effects of thermal stress on fertility appear to also have sex‐specific effects, especially among ectotherms, with the greatest negative effects often found among males (Sales et al 2018, 2021, Zwoinska et al 2020, Baur et al 2022), and are likely a consequence of testes and sperm being particularly sensitive to heat stress (Hurley et al 2018, Sales et al 2018, 2021, Canal Domenech and Fricke 2022). The pattern of male fertility loss being greatest compared to females during thermal stress is, however, not found in all cases (Santos et al 2023). Because evidence is restricted to a limited number of examples, debate remains, and it is clear that a wider range of taxonomic groups are needed to determine the generalisation of these results (Iossa 2019, Walsh et al 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility loss under thermal stress: males have lower fertility limits but no evidence of sex differences in sensitivity

Parrett,

Kulczak,

Szudarek‐Trepto

2024

Oikos

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Climate change models predict that the frequency and intensity of heatwaves are likely to increase, therefore understanding population responses to these extreme climatic events will be key in mitigating biodiversity loss. Here, using the male dimorphic bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, we investigate and compare the impact of experimental heat stress on survival and fertility between females and male morphs that differ in the expression of a sexually selected weapon. We show that lethal limits are similar among all individuals, but find clear sex differences, although no difference between morphs, in sub‐lethal temperatures causing sterility: female fertility remains high close to lethal limits, whereas both male morphs suffer fertility loss at more than 2.5°C below their lethal limits. Contrastingly, when thermal stress was lower the sexes and morphs do not differ in their thermal sensitivity and declines in reproductive output are comparable. These declines appear to be additive as we observe the greatest declines when both sexes were exposed to thermal stress. In addition, during assays we included an extra treatment that allowed individuals two extra days to recover and found that fertility loss was almost fully recovered when thermal stress was low, but only partially recovered under the most extreme temperatures. The impact of heat stress on fertility therefore appears to be temporary with individuals rapidly recovering: whether recovery can negate negative population level effects remains to be investigated. Our experiments reveal the impact of heat stress on survival and fertility, finding sex‐specific fertility loss under the most extreme thermal conditions.

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Population History Shapes Responses to Different Temperature Regimes in Drosophila subobscura

Erić

Veselinović

Patenković

et al. 2023

Life

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Drosophila subobscura is considered a good model species for investigation of a population’s ability to adapt and cope with climate changes. Decade long research has shown that inversion frequencies change in response to environmental factors indicating their role in adaptation to novel environments. The mechanisms behind organisms’ responses to temperature are complex, involving changes in physiology, behavior, gene expression and regulation. On the other hand, a population’s ability to respond to suboptimal conditions depends on standing genetic variation and population history. In order to elucidate the role of local adaptation in population response to the changing temperature, we investigated the response to temperature in D. subobscura individuals originating from two different altitudes by combining traditional cytogenetic techniques with assessing the levels of Hsp70 protein expression. Inversion polymorphism was assessed in the flies sampled from natural populations and in flies reared in laboratory conditions at three different temperatures after five and sixteen generations and Hsp70 protein expression profile in 12th generation flies at the basal level and after heat shock induction. Our results indicate that local adaptation and population history influence population response to the changing temperature.

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Past History Shapes Evolution of Reproductive Success in a Global Warming Scenario

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term evolution experiments fully reveal the potential for thermal adaptation

Long-term evolution experiments fully reveal the potential for thermal adaptation

Fertility loss under thermal stress: males have lower fertility limits but no evidence of sex differences in sensitivity

Population History Shapes Responses to Different Temperature Regimes in Drosophila subobscura

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