The objective of this study is to analyze the present status of the open access movement in Pakistan, identify challenges, and make recommendations for the effective use of this publishing model. The article looks primarily at the open access movement in Asia, with special reference to Pakistan, India, and China. Findings show that, since the emergence of the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2001, the open access movement has developed rapidly at the international level. From the Pakistani perspective, gold open access, in which articles or monographs are freely available in their original form on publishers' websites, developed quickly. However, green open access, which relies on authors to self-archive their articles in institutional or subject repositories, has been relatively slow to develop. A lack of support from educational institutions, libraries, library associations, and funding bodies may explain the slow growth of green open access in Pakistan. The author recommends that Pakistani universities, research institutions, and funding agencies develop open access policies, set up institutional repositories, and encourage publishing in open access journals and self-archiving in institutional repositories.
The Open Access Movement in Asia
Development of Open Access Journals in AsiaResearch journals are the most venerable source of scientific information. 9 The acceptance of OA in any country can be examined and analyzed, at least in part, through its number of OA journals and repositories. The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), a website that provides a crowdsourced list of OA journals, identifies 3,271 open access journals in the Asian region. Figure 1 demonstrates that in Asian countries, Indonesia leads with 1,372 open access journals. Iran holds second position with 442 journals, and Turkey and Russia secure the third and fourth positions, respectively. Pakistan has progressed less far in the development of gold open access journals and holds the ninth position, with 50 such journals (see Figure 1).