Past and Future of in-vitro and in-vivo Animal Models for Diabetes: A Review

Dewangan, Hemlata; Tiwari, Raj K.; Sharma, Vikas; Shukla, Shiv Shankar; Satapathy, Trilochan; Pandey, Ravindra Kumar

doi:10.5530/ijper.51.4s.79

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted that alloxaninduced diabetic rat model causes clinical and morphological type 1 DM as the majority of scientists state, but considering numerous ways and signs of its action reviewed above and according to the opinion of other authors it may possess signs of both type 1 and type 2 DM, and is an important instrument for testing pharmacological agents 34,71,72 . After all, excess glucose leads to synthesis of fatty acids and facilitates fatty degeneration of the liver with subsequent manifestation of steatosis and cirrhosis, which can be associated with type 2 diabetes on the background of cellular oxidative stress in alloxan action 11,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

IJPSR

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Alloxan diabetes mellitus (DM) simulates acute metabolic stress in a different direction, whose starting point is primary lysis of β-cells in the pancreas. Disorders in the system of the major insulin-induced regulatory mechanism occur, initiating imbalance in the system of a living organism generally. Primary changes occur on the level of metabolic ways of the cells of the pancreas and liver: redistribution of mitochondrial and microsomal processes of oxidation with possible synthesis of new isoenzymatic forms of important metabolic enzymes, disturbance of synthesis of regulatory proteins and, as a result, degenerative changes in the cellular structure (lysis, necrosis and apoptosis). Despite the numerous and even contradictory points of view, the theory of cell lysis with the increase of transaminases activity is still predominant. Cytolytic syndrome leads to the destruction of liver cells, the concentration of serum GOT increases dramatically (probably due to the mitochondrial fraction). Under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetic rat model intensification of oxidative stress processes occur provoking changes, which are typical for chronic hepatitis. Alloxan diabetes serves as a classic example of free radical pathology. The next probable link involved in this pathogenesis will be nervous system and general cerebral dysfunction of the body. Numerous disputable data are the evidence of neuroendocrine regulation of the triple system where enzymatic activity or concentration of metabolic indices is the result of many cascade reactions or associated parallel conductors in the system of involved organs, first of all the pancreas and liver. Alloxan diabetes is an example of prior activation of the enzymatic systems. It serves to ensure metabolic changes under conditions of increased generation of hydroxyl radicals and disorders of transmembrane transport both between organelles inside the cells and in the intercellular space. INTRODUCTION: The diabetes mellitus still remains nowadays an urgent issue despite the high social-economic development, which does not prevent Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

IJPSR

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“…The control samples were prepared without any plant extracts. The % inhibition was calculated according to the formula [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha-Glucosidase activity was determined by measuring release of p-nitrophenyl from p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside at 400 nm in using UV-1800 spectrophotometer. The IC50 value was defined as the concentration of alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor to inhibit 50% of its activity under the assay condition [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chaturmukha Rasa: A Mechanism Based Study

Sharma¹,

Tiwari²,

Sharma³

et al. 2019

J Pharmacopuncture

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“…6 The toxicity of the substance can be observed by: a) in vivo (Using the whole animal), b) in vitro (Testing on isolated cell or tissue) and c) in silico (in a computer simulation). 7,8 In vivo Techniques…”

Section: Swamalamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in in-vivo and in-vitro Toxicity Studies for Ayurvedic Formulation

R¹,

Sahu²,

Sharma³

et al. 2019

IJPER

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Aim: Ayurvedic formulation consists of natural substance. Many of Ayurvedic formulation consist of heavy metals and some species are poisonous in nature. So it is necessary to determine the toxicity of Ayurvedic formulation. Background: Toxicology is a science that involves the study of the adverse effect of the substance on living organism. The toxicity of the substance can be observed by: a) in vivo (using the whole animal), b) in vitro (Testing on isolated cell or tissue). In vivo toxicity study involves acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity and chronic toxicity studies. In vitro toxicity testing of substance involves model such as model for cytotoxicity, specific toxicity, genotoxicity and toxicokinetic. The challenges regarding in vivo and in vitro toxicity study and recent development in the toxicity studies are discussed briefly. Conclusion: This review mainly focus on the various methods and model used for in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing of substance and provides information about the toxicity study which will be useful for the researchers who are working in the field of toxicology as well encourage researchers to work on various areas of research for the development and enhancement in acceptance of Ayurveda.

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Past and Future of in-vitro and in-vivo Animal Models for Diabetes: A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Antidiabetic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chaturmukha Rasa: A Mechanism Based Study

Recent Advancement in in-vivo and in-vitro Toxicity Studies for Ayurvedic Formulation

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