Past and Current Use of Walking Measures for Children With Spina Bifida: A Systematic Review

Bisaro, Derek; Bidonde, Julia; Kane, Kyra; Bergsma, Shane; Musselman, Kristin E.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.014

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…3,4 While many options exist for adult populations, few have been validated or shown to be responsive or reliable in children. 1,5,6 The ability to objectively quantify a child's walking ability affords clinicians and researchers the opportunity to monitor development, response to treatment, and maintenance or decline of function over time; however, recommendations for walking measurement in children are unclear. 6 The 10-Meter Walk Test (10 mWT) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test have been used in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5,6 The ability to objectively quantify a child's walking ability affords clinicians and researchers the opportunity to monitor development, response to treatment, and maintenance or decline of function over time; however, recommendations for walking measurement in children are unclear. 6 The 10-Meter Walk Test (10 mWT) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test have been used in children. Few studies to date have examined the psychometric properties of the 10 mWT in children with CP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 While many options exist for adult populations, few have been validated or shown to be responsive or reliable in children. 1,5,6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary study of novel, timed walking tests for children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy

et al. 2016

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Objective:Walking assessment is an important aspect of rehabilitation practice; yet, clinicians have few psychometrically sound options for evaluating walking in highly ambulatory children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of two new measures of walking function—the Obstacles and Curb tests—relative to the 10-Meter Walk test and Timed Up and Go test in children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy.Methods:A total of 16 ambulatory children with spina bifida (n=9) or cerebral palsy (n=7) (9 boys; mean age 7years, 7months; standard deviation 3years, 4months) and 16 age- and gender-matched typically developing children participated. Children completed the walking tests, at both self-selected and fast speeds, twice. To evaluate discriminative validity, scores were compared between typically developing and spina bifida/cerebral palsy groups. Within the spina bifida/cerebral palsy group, inter-test correlations evaluated convergent validity and intraclass correlation coefficients evaluated within-session test–retest reliability.Results:At fast speeds, all tests showed discriminative validity (p<0.006 for typically developing and spina bifida/cerebral palsy comparisons) and convergent validity (rho=0.81–0.90, p⩽0.001, for inter-test correlations). At self-selected speeds, only the Obstacles test discriminated between groups (p=0.001). Moderately strong correlations (rho=0.73–0.78, p⩽0.001) were seen between the 10-Meter Walk test, Curb test, and Timed Up and Go test. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.97, with higher test–retest reliability for tests performed at fast speeds rather than self-selected speeds.Conclusion:The Obstacles and Curb tests are promising measures for assessing walking in this population. Performing tests at fast walking speeds may improve their validity and test–retest reliability for children with spina bifida/cerebral palsy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary study of novel, timed walking tests for children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy

et al. 2016

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“…As Bisaro et al suggests, measures of walking performance in a usual environment is necessary in youth with spina bifida[6]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the daily walking activity and performance of children with myelomeningocele using a StepWatch activity monitor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Walking activity during daily living in children with myelomeningocele

Yasmeh

Mueske

Yasmeh

et al. 2016

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Purpose To quantify the walking activity of children with myelomeningocele during daily living. Method Walking activity was measured using a StepWatch activity monitor over one week in 47 children with myelomeningocele (27 males; 9y 11mo SD 2y 7mo; 18 sacral, 9 low lumbar, 20 mid-high lumbar) and 7 children with typical development (5 males; 11y 1mo SD 1y 11mo) in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Average total steps per day, number of steps and minutes spent at low, medium and high intensity stepping were evaluated. Groups were compared using t-tests and chi-squared tests with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment. Results Children with sacral and low lumbar myelomeningocele exhibited no significant differences in demographic characteristics or walking performance compared to typically developing children. Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele exhibited higher BMI percentile than the control group (p=0.04) and took fewer total steps per day than all other groups (p≤0.04). Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele also spent significantly less time taking steps at all intensity levels, particularly medium-intensity, than the sacral and low lumbar groups (p≤0.04). Conclusions Children with sacral and low lumbar myelomeningocele had walking performance similar to typically developing children despite a common need for braces and assistive devices. Children with mid-high lumbar myelomeningocele were less active, which may lead to heightened risk for secondary health conditions in addition to those associated with myelomeningocele.

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“…Ambulatory status of participants was described using the Hoffer classification, the most commonly used measurement system to determine ambulatory status in individuals with spina bifida. 19 In this study, Hoffer classification was designated by a physician or senior research member at the time of recruitment using the modified Hoffer Functional Ambulation scale. 20,21 Classification categories include 'community ambulator', 'household ambulator', 'non-functional ambulator', and 'non-ambulator'.…”

Section: Hoffer Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children with spina bifida

Claridge

Bloemen

Rook

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim To describe active and sedentary time in children with spina bifida and to compare their physical activity on weekdays versus weekends. Method In this exploratory cross‐sectional study, data from 13 Canadian and 22 Dutch children with spina bifida (14 females, 21 males; mean age 10y 11mo, standard deviation [SD] 3y 6mo, range 5y 6mo–18y; Hoffer classification distribution: community [n=28], household [n=3], non‐functional [n=3], and non‐ambulator [n=1]) were analysed. Objective measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were obtained by using ActiGraph or Actiheart activity monitors. Data for the participants wearing the ActiGraph were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls that were developing typically using independent‐samples t‐tests. Activity data collected on weekdays was compared to those on weekends. Results ActiGraph data demonstrated children with spina bifida spent more time sedentary (mean [SD] 49.5min/h [5.78]) and less time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (mean [SD] 2.33min/h [1.61]) compared with the typically developing group (mean [SD] 41.0min/h [5.76] and 5.46min/h [2.13], p=0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). For both ActiGraph‐ and Actiheart‐derived data, physical activity and sedentary time were not significantly different between weekdays and weekends. Interpretation Children with spina bifida have reduced levels of physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour, with no statistical differences seen between weekdays and weekends. Several methodological issues related to activity monitoring warrant consideration when choosing the appropriate method to quantify physical activity and sedentary behaviour. What this paper adds Reduced levels of physical activity and sedentary time were quantified in children with spina bifida. Objective quantification of physical behaviour in ambulatory and non‐ambulatory school‐aged children with spina bifida is possible.

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Past and Current Use of Walking Measures for Children With Spina Bifida: A Systematic Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 114 publications

Preliminary study of novel, timed walking tests for children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy

Preliminary study of novel, timed walking tests for children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy

Walking activity during daily living in children with myelomeningocele

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children with spina bifida

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