Password security by encryption using an extended ADFGVX cipher

A Modified Polybius Cipher with a New Element-in-Grid Sequencer

“…Various classical ciphers such as Railfence cipher [13], [14], Polybius square cipher [15]- [19], Playfair cipher [20]- [22], Permutation cipher [23], Homophonic substitution cipher [24], [25], Hill cipher [26], Grille cipher [27], Four-square cipher [23], Enigma machine cipher [23], Caesar cipher [28]- [30], Base64 cipher [31]- [33], Affine cipher [23], [34]- [36], and ADFGVX cipher [23], [37]- [39] to name some, are being incorporated with block ciphers, among others, to solve the constraints in IoT. Among the classical ciphers, the Polybius Cipher, known as the Polybius square, is identified as one of the commonly used methods for such purpose [40]- [42].…”

Polybius Square in Cryptography: A Brief Review of Literature

“…The Polybius encryption, as one of the earliest ciphers developed in history, has paved the way to the development and processes of other classical cipher techniques that are still used today such as ADFGVX Cipher [19], [46]- [48], Bifid cipher [19], [49], Nihilist cipher [50], and Trifid cipher [51], [52]. Originally, the abovementioned classical ciphers were first designed to allow ciphering and deciphering process by hand but are now being improved to cope up with the emerging computer technologies as they are still useful because of their sophisticated performance [19].…”

“…Classical ciphers, specifically, the Polybius square is still being integrated along with modern ciphers like the advance encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), and other algorithms for improved performance of the abovementioned services [16], [46], [47], [54]- [57].…”