Passivity breakdown on AISI Type 403 stainless steel in chloride-containing borate buffer solution

Zhang, Yancheng; Macdonald, Digby D.; Urquidi‐Macdonald, Mirna; Engelhardt, George R.; Dooley, R.B.

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.01.009

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…4. One may notice that E bf logarithmically decreases with the ionic strength in accordance with [20]. Chloride ions, Cl -, accelerate anodic dissolution with the formation of an unstable compound MCl n (or M(H 2 O) y Cl x ) [21].…”

Section: Open Circuit Potential Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Fretting-corrosion between 316L SS and PMMA: Influence of ionic strength, protein and electrochemical conditions on material wear. Application to orthopaedic implants

Pellier

Géringer

Forest

2011

Wear

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In biomedical field, fretting-corrosion between 316L SS femoral stem and bone cement is one of the significant causes of the hip prosthesis loosening. This article investigates wear by fretting-corrosion at the contact between 316L and PMMA . The influences of the ionic strength (NaCl solutions from 10 -3 to 1 mol.L -1 ), a model protein (albumin) and electrochemical conditions on contact behaviour are studied. At OCP (Open Circuit Potential) conditions, the chlorides concentration, i.e. the ionic strength, increases the 316L wear; and albumin, concentration of 1g.L -1 , does not play a significant role in total 316Lwear. At cathodic applied potential E = -400 mV(SCE), a threshold concentration of 10 -1 mol.L -1 (NaCl solution), C th , indicates two behaviours: a protective effect below C th , and an additional anodic dissolution above C th . One might suggest that, beyond C th , the passive layer is not efficient for protecting against the corrosion. At this potential, albumin reduces wear due to corrosion and amplifies mechanical wear induced by corrosion. Albumin seems to act as an anodic inhibitor. To determine the mechanisms of synergism, a "more cathodic" potential is applied, E = -800 mV(SCE), during fretting-corrosion experiments.Consequently, the corrosive wear can be neglected and the mechanical wear can be only measured.

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Section: Open Circuit Potential Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Fretting-corrosion between 316L SS and PMMA: Influence of ionic strength, protein and electrochemical conditions on material wear. Application to orthopaedic implants

Pellier

Géringer

Forest

2011

Wear

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“…Several papers reported that E p was affected by potential sweep rate. Macdonald [12][13][14] pointed out that on the basic of the point defect model (PDM) a relationship between pitting potential and potential sweep rate existed. In parallel, the pitting potential was a linear function of the square root of potential sweep rate at low sweep rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature change rate on the critical pitting temperature for duplex stainless steel

et al. 2009

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The effect of temperature change rate on the critical pitting temperature (CPT) for two kinds of duplex stainless steels (DSS, namely UNS S31803 and UNS S32750) in 1 mol L -1 NaCl solution was investigated using the potentiostatic current transient technique. The values of CPT for two DSSs all increased as the temperature change rate (t) increased. A linear relationship between the CPT and the square root of temperature change rate (t 1/2 ) was found. Furthermore, deriving from the point defect model (PDM), this particular relationship received theoretical support at low temperature change rates. KeywordsDuplex stainless steel Á Pitting corrosion Á Critical pitting temperature Á Temperature change rate Á The point defect model List of symbols J ca Cation diffusion rate at the metal/film interface/ cm -2 s -1 J m Rate of elimination of cation vacancies at the metal/film interface/cm -2 s -1 t Incubation time for passivity breakdown at a single site/s J 0 Parameter defined by Eq. 3 u Parameter defined by Eq. 4 F Faraday's constant (96,487°C mol -1 ) V extApplied potential with respect to a reference electrode/V R Gas constant (8.314 J K -1 mol -1 ) TAbsolute temperature/K a Cl À Activity of chloride ion/mol L -1 K Parameter defined by Eq. 6 D ÃAvogadro's number (6.023 9 10 23 mol -1 ) DG 0 S Change in Gibbs energy for Schottky-pair reaction/J mol -1 DG 0 AÀ1 Standard Gibbs energy change for absorption of an aggressive species into an oxygen vacancy at the film/solution interface/J mol -1 / 0 f=s Constant/V D 0 Diffusion coefficient/cm 2 s -1 DE Diffusion activation energy/J mol -1 T cpt Critical pitting temperature for passivity breakdown at a single site/K DT Over temperature for passivity breakdown at a single site/KGreek letters s Time for passivity breakdown at a single site once a critical vacancy condensation had been achieved/s n Critical concentration of cation vacancies for passivity breakdown/cm -2 v Stoichiometry of the passive film, MO v=2 ; and the oxidation state of the cation a Dependence of potential drop across the film/solution interface on the applied potential X Mole volume of the barrier layer per gram-atom of the cation/cm 3 mol -1 b Dependence of potential drop across the film/solution interface on pH e Field strength in the passivity film/V cm -1 n 0 Defined by Eq. 12 t Temperature change rate/K s -1

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“…Numerous models have been proposed for passivity breakdown, 2,7,11,19 and the Point Defect Model (PDM) is one of the only a few that has been demonstrated [20][21][22] to be capable of yielding relationships between the dependent (e.g. pitting potential and induction time) and the common independent (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of Nucleation of Metastable Pits on Metal Surfaces: The Point Defect Model and Its Optimization on Data Obtained on Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Iron, Aluminum and Alloy-22

Lü

Engelhardt

Kursten

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The theory of the kinetics of metastable pit nucleation in terms of the Point Defect Model (PDM) has been applied the first time to describing the evolution of the nucleation rate of metastable pits on a variety of metallic substrates. The PDM successfully accounts for the experimental data that have been reported in the literature on stainless steel, carbon steel, iron, aluminum, and Alloy-22, and which are judged to be reliable and reproducible. Important fundamental parameters related to metastable pitting such as total number density of pitting nucleation sites, dissolution time of the cap over the pit, energy related to absorption of the aggressive ions into oxygen vacancies in the surface of the barrier layer, vacancy condensation rate, and the time at which the nucleation rate of metastable pits is maximum were obtained from the optimization of the PDM on the experimental data, as reported in the present paper. The values obtained for those parameters are in good agreement with values and observations reported elsewhere. The present work successfully demonstrates the capacity of the PDM in accounting for experimental observations of metastable pitting and that the PDM can be applied as an underlying theory for studying and understanding metastable pitting on metal surfaces. The passive state is not perfectly protective and passivity breakdown occurs for various reasons, giving rise to enhanced general corrosion rate or to localized corrosion. Localized passivity breakdown is especially of great concern, because it results in the nucleation and propagation of pits and the subsequent nucleation and growth of cracks provided that there is sufficient tensile stress in the system to initiate crack nucleation at the stress raiser represented by the pit. Metastable pitting, in which passivity breakdown occurs followed immediately by repassivation, is now well-accepted as being an integral part of the process of pitting corrosion on a metal or alloy, culminating in the accumulation of damage via the development of stable pits. It is also well-recognized that repassivation reflects the failure on the part of the pit nucleus to establish a spatial separation between the local cathode and the local anode with the former occurring on the external surfaces and the latter taking place in the nucleus, which is necessary for the buildup and maintenance of the aggressive conditions of high [Cl − ] and high [H + ] (low pH) that cause the pits to grow as stable pits, until they, too, die via delayed repassivation (due to the inability of the pit to maintain separation of the local cathode and the local anode, because of the limited availability of resources of the cathodic depolarizer on the external surfaces).Numerous authors have reported metastable pit nucleation rate data measured under more-or-less well-defined conditions. Williams et al.1-3 reported a good proportional correspondence for Type 304L SS between the nucleation frequency of metastable pits and the frequency of occurrence of propagating (stable) pits, that ...

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Passivity breakdown on AISI Type 403 stainless steel in chloride-containing borate buffer solution

Cited by 94 publications

References 25 publications

Fretting-corrosion between 316L SS and PMMA: Influence of ionic strength, protein and electrochemical conditions on material wear. Application to orthopaedic implants

Fretting-corrosion between 316L SS and PMMA: Influence of ionic strength, protein and electrochemical conditions on material wear. Application to orthopaedic implants

Effect of temperature change rate on the critical pitting temperature for duplex stainless steel

The Kinetics of Nucleation of Metastable Pits on Metal Surfaces: The Point Defect Model and Its Optimization on Data Obtained on Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Iron, Aluminum and Alloy-22

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