Passives in Innu<sup />

Drapeau, Lynn

doi:10.1086/663872

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this brief overview presents the first dedicated description for NE Cree, although some passive paradigms are available through the online reference grammar (Junker & MacKenzie, 2010-2014. As needed, this section draws upon Drapeau's (2012Drapeau's ( , 2014 in-depth analyses of passives in Innu, which is closely related to NE Cree.…”

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suffix cannot be applied to create impersonal forms of verbs from any other class. We follow Drapeau (2012) for Innu in assuming such impersonal passives inflect for a 'dummy' subject. Although many languages do not have such a passivizing operation that applies to intransitive verbs, many other languages do (see, for example, Payne, 1997, pp.…”

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…206-207). The present study follows Drapeau's (2012) classification for Innu and considers such impersonal constructions as passives alongside the more prototypical passives derived from transitive verbs: Both types of passives are derived from verbs with an animate subject in the active voice, and both maintain that referent implicitly in the passive while nonetheless rendering it unspecified. Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of the active and passive voice in NE Cree, along with the distribution of the three passive suffixes.…”

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in Innu (Drapeau, (2012), NE Cree passives do not allow the agent to appear in a co-occurring noun phrase, but the agent can nonetheless be implicitly referenced within the verb complex by an agent-oriented preverb such as wiih 'want' ( 8). ( 8)…”

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive constructions have been described in other Cree-Innu-Naskapi varieties, such as Plains Cree (Dahlstrom, 1991; Wolfart, 1991) and Innu (Drapeau, 2012, 2014) as well as in other Algonquian languages, such as Ojibwe (Rhodes, 1991; Valentine, 2001). To our knowledge, this brief overview presents the first dedicated description for NE Cree, although some passive paradigms are available through the online reference grammar (Junker & MacKenzie, 2010–2014).…”

Section: Ne Creementioning

confidence: 99%

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The acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East Cree

Henke,

Brittain,

Deen

et al. 2023

First Language

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This article analyzes the acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East (NE) Cree and pays particular attention to the interaction of frequency effects and language-specific cues in the way children form and employ expectations, the process of anticipating oncoming structure in the ambient language. The passive has long been of interest in first-language acquisition, and expectations may play a role in the reported challenges acquiring the passive in languages such as English. We present two studies analyzing approximately 24 hours of naturalistic video recordings involving one adult and two children: Daisy (age 3;08–5;11) and Billy (4;06–5;10). Study 1 examines the passive voice in child-directed speech (CDS). CDS employs passive verbs frequently, at rates much higher than what has been reported for other languages. Passives also typically occur without overt arguments and most often are derived from verbs with two animate participants. Study 2 traces the acquisition of the passive by Daisy and Billy. Daisy demonstrates productivity with all three passive suffixes by age 3;11. Billy’s recordings begin at a later age, and he shows productivity with suffixes -naaniu at 4;06, -ikiwi at 4;10, and -ikiniw at 5;05. Both children produce passives at rates much higher than what has been reported in child speech for other languages. They also most frequently produce passives without overt arguments, and they show no difficulties passivizing verbs with two animate arguments. These results expand the typological purview of passives research and shed additional light on the role of expectations in acquiring the passive voice. The combination of high frequency and particular structural characteristics for the passive voice in Cree CDS allows children to build expectations differing greatly from those of children acquiring languages such as English. In turn, children acquiring NE Cree do not show the same difficulties in acquiring the passive voice.

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Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Passive Voice: Form and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ne Creementioning

confidence: 99%

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The acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East Cree

Henke,

Brittain,

Deen

et al. 2023

First Language

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The Bloomfieldian Heritage in Algonquian Linguistics: The Verbal Complex in Innu

Lambert-Brétière¹

2020

Faits Lang.

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Innu, like other Algonquian languages, has complex verbal morphology, and morphemes are often not easily segmentable. Much of the terminology used in Algonquian linguistics was influenced by early Algonquianists, especially Leonard Bloomfield, and morphemes are described in structural terms: Innu verb stems consist of at least two morphemes, an INITIAL and a FINAL. They may also contain a MEDIAL. Following the Bloomfieldian tradition, a distinction was later proposed between PRIMARY derivation for the derivation of a verb stem, and SECONDARY derivation for morphemes that attach to a verb stem to form a new verb. In this article, I shall explain what the verbal complex in Innu is, describe its component morphemes, and discuss the impact of the Bloomfieldian heritage on the comparative use of data from Algonquian languages and more specifically of Innu.

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Verbal Classifiers in Innu

Drapeau¹,

Lambert-Brétière²

2011

anl

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This article reports on verbal classifier affixes in Innu (also known as Montagnais), an Algonquian language spoken in northeastern Quebec and Labrador, Canada. Verbal classifiers are normally characterized as a form of semantic agreement whereby an affix on the verb (the classifier) categorizes the shape or substance of the referent of an argument. The analysis of a corpus of natural speech data reveals that in a significant number of cases the classifier actually introduces a new semantic argument and is the sole reference to it in the clause or discourse. Such stand-alone classifiers refer to parts of a whole, identify the theme of an impersonal verb, or express a peripheral argument.

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Passives in Innu

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

The acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East Cree

The acquisition of the passive voice in Northern East Cree

The Bloomfieldian Heritage in Algonquian Linguistics: The Verbal Complex in Innu

Verbal Classifiers in Innu

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