Passively Q-switched thulium-doped fiber laser with silver-nanoparticle film as the saturable absorber for operation at 2.0<i>µ</i>m

Ahmad, Harith; Samion, Muhamad Zharif; Muhamad, Aida; Sharbirin, A.S.; Ismail, M. F.

doi:10.1088/1612-2011/13/12/126201

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In 2016, Ahmad first utilized SNPs SA to achieve a Q-switched TDFL operating at 2 µm, which exhibited application prospects in eye-safe applications. [157] Notably, Lv et al reported on modelocked lasers at 1, 1.5, and 2 µm realized by the silver nanowire (SNW) SA with a minimum pulse duration of 464 fs and SNR up to 63 dB. Figure 11a shows the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) image of the prepared SNWs.…”

Section: Silver-based Sas At 2 and 3 μMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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absorbers (SAs) are widely used to obtain ultrafast lasers. Mode-locking indicates a fixed phase between longitudinal modes in spectral domain, while Q-switching refers to the giant pulse formation due to the tunable Q factor of the laser cavity. Saturable absorption represents the optical modulation that absorption coefficient of SAs decreases with the increase of incident optical intensity, where SAs are often categorized into artificial and real SAs. [7][8][9] Artificial SAs mainly consist of nonlinear polarization evolution, [10,11] nonlinear optical loop mirrors, [12][13][14] and nonlinear amplification loop mirrors, [15,16] which fulfill the function of saturable absorption by means of nonlinear effects. By contrast, real SAs are characterized by the inherent nonlinear absorption property of the materials. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a typical real SA and widely used in diverse lasers. However, several drawbacks such as complex fabrication and narrow operating bandwidth restrict its applications. [17][18][19][20][21] Under such circumstances, nanomaterials emerge as SAs of distinction where 2D nanomaterials have been widely investigated because of the unique optical properties induced by the energy band structures. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Graphene possesses zero bandgap and ultrafast carrier dynamics properties, contributing to a broad operating bandwidth and fast response time. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nevertheless, the modulation depth of ≈2.3% per layer limits Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent-wave structure based on D-shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.

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Section: Silver-based Sas At 2 and 3 μMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[82] In 2016, Ahmad et al firstly reported on a SNPs-based SA for TDFL at 2 μm, in which a highly stable Q-switched pulse with SNR of 59.5 dB was achieved, suggesting the potential for eye-safe applications such as manufacturing and medicine. [195] In 2019, Li et al proposed an ion implantation method for embedding the SNPs in neodymium-doped YAG crystal to design a monolithic device, in which a Q-switched mode-locked (QM) pulse with a maximum repetition rate of 10.53 GHz was firstly achieved in 1064-nm monolithic waveguide laser. [98] In addition, Rosdin et al obtained a stable mode-locked pulse by using a SNPs-PVA SA in EDFL, the corresponding SNR of 74.3 dB indicated the stable mode-locking of the pulse.…”

Section: Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Metal‐Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanomaterials have demonstrated excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties in various fields, including 1D carbon nanotubes, as well as 2D materials starting from graphene. Metal-based nanomaterials, mainly divided into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, also gradually come into the sight of ultrafast photonics applications due to the outstanding optical properties. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by the interaction between conduction electrons with electric fields that is called surface plasmon resonance. As for metal oxide nanoparticles, optical properties are closely related to bandgap structures. When it comes to transition metal oxides, other phenomena also play important roles in optical absorption such as spin inversion and excitons of iron. Moreover, preparation methods of materials are also crucial for their properties and further applications. Therefore, in this review, commonly used physical and chemical fabrication methods for metal-based nanomaterials are first introduced. Then the optical properties of typical metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed specifically. In addition, the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers based on mode-locked and Q-switched techniques are also summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook toward the synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast photonics of metal-based nanomaterials are presented.

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“…In 2018, Duan et al realized a 734 ns Q-switched Ho,Pr:LLF laser at 3 μm by using gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as a SA [11]. In addition, a 2 μm Q-switched laser based on Ag-NPs SA has also been developed [12]. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of the high cost of these noble metals has limited the incentive for further research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GaInSn liquid nanospheres as a saturable absorber for an Er:CaF2 laser at 2.75 μm

Chen

Jin

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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High-quality GaInSn liquid nanospheres are successfully fabricated by the ultrasonic method as a novel saturable absorber in the mid-infrared range. An open-aperture Z-scan technique is applied to study the saturation absorption property, presenting a modulation depth of 34.3% and a saturable fluence of 0.497 GW/cm2 at 2.3 μm, respectively. With GaInSn nanospheres as a saturable absorber, a stable Q-switched Er:CaF2 crystal laser operating at 2.75 μm is realized. The maximum Q-switched output power of 361 mW is obtained under the absorbed pump power of 2.9 W. The shortest pulse width of 500 ns and the highest repetition rate of 67 kHz are generated, corresponding to maximum peak power and single pulse energy of 10.78 W and 5.39 μJ, respectively. These findings indicate a promising potential of GaInSn nanospheres SA for generating nanosecond mid-infrared laser pulses.

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Passively Q-switched thulium-doped fiber laser with silver-nanoparticle film as the saturable absorber for operation at 2.0µm

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Recent Progress on Metal‐Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

GaInSn liquid nanospheres as a saturable absorber for an Er:CaF2 laser at 2.75 μm

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