Passive Thermographic Inspection of Adhered Ceramic Claddings: Limitation and Conditioning Factors

Edis, Ecem; Flores‐Colen, Inês; Brito, Jorge de

doi:10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000365

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This approach could be useful for the estimation of the depth of small defects which appeared inside vertical known structures. Detached tiles, bricks, stones, or buried structures having a defined size like beams could also be the focus of the nondestructive inspection (50,51). At this point, more research is needed in order to provide quantitative information along the z direction concerning the rising damp effect (52), that is a typical damage not confined in a single layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

Сфарра¹,

Marcucci²,

Ambrosini³

et al. 2016

Mater. construcc.

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Up to now, infrared thermographic approaches have been considered either passive or active. In the latter case, the heat flux is historically attributed to a non-natural heat source. The use of the sun has recently been incorporated into the active approach thanks to multi-temporal inspections. In this paper, an innovative hybrid thermographic (HIRT) approach is illustrated. It combines both the time component and the solar source to obtain quantitative information such as the defect depth. Thermograms were obtained by inspecting the facade of the Santa Maria Collemaggio church (L'Aquila, Italy), whereas quantitative results related to the sub-superficial discontinuities were obtained thanks to the use of advanced techniques. Experimental results linked to passive approach (i.e., the mosaicking procedure of the thermograms) performed by selecting a set of historic churches are also included in order to explain, when and where, the hybrid procedure should be used. RESUMEN: Exploración infrarroja del patrimonio arquitectónico: de la termografía infrarroja pasiva al enfoque de la termografía infrarroja híbrida (HIRT).Hasta la fecha, los enfoques sobre la termografía infrarroja han sido considerados, o pasivos, o activos. En este último caso, el flujo de calor se obtiene a través de una fuente de calor no natural. El uso de energía solar ha sido recientemente incorporado al enfoque activo gracias a los estudios multitemporales. En este trabajo, se ilustra un enfoque innovador de la termografía híbrida (HIRT). Se combina tanto el componente de tiempo y la fuente de energía solar para recuperar la información cuantitativa así como la profundidad del defecto. Las imágenes térmicas se obtuvieron mediante el análisis de la fachada de la Iglesia de Santa María Collemaggio (L'Aquila, Italia), mientras que los resultados cuantitativos inherentes a las discontinuidades sub-superficiales se obtuvieron gracias al uso de otras técnicas avanzadas. Los resultados experimentales vinculados al enfoque pasivo (es decir, el proceso de mosaico de las imágenes térmicas) derivan de un conjunto de Iglesias antiguas, también incluidas en el estudio, a fin de explicar cuándo y dónde tiene sentido realizar un proceso híbrido.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

Сфарра¹,

Marcucci²,

Ambrosini³

et al. 2016

Mater. construcc.

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“…If the heat flux used to study the thermography has a natural origin, for example, derived from sunlight on the facade, this study technique is named passive thermography. If the heat flux is induced on the element by heating, vibration, ultrasound, among others, the technique is known as active thermography [5,6]. Thermography can also be considered qualitative when it is based only on the identification of hot and cold spots in the thermographic image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

et al. 2016

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Infrared thermography is an evaluation technique that helps to identify anomalies and can provide information on their incidence and severity. The aim of this study is to apply quantitative thermography to study a case of severe cracks in facade analyzing the evolution of temperatures and Delta-T. The temperature evolution was studied over a day. There was sun incidence occurring during part of the day, allowing to calculate and assess the evolution of the associated temperatures. Thermograms were acquired hourly during the study period. The highest temperatures were observed at 12:00 noon, and the larger Delta-T between 10:00 and 12:00. There were differences between the Delta-T profiles among the three regions studied. The best time for analysis is when Delta-T is higher. Cracks with higher Delta-T were considered more degraded, and generalized branched cracks did not allow a comparative conclusion.

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“…This kind of building solution often present durability problems (detachment, cracking, efflorescence) which are generally caused by poor adhesion at the time of application of the ceramic tiles. If they are not applied adequately, hollow areas between the adhesive layer and the ceramic tile or between the adhesive layer and the substrate may become filled with water (from rain or condensation) leading to the premature deterioration of materials and eventually to the adhesive failure and detachment of the ceramic tiles [9], [10]. Since tiles and concrete spalling falling out from external walls in buildings represent serious risks to people's safety, it is necessary to detect and assess tiling application anomalies before adhesive failure occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental IRT applications in building elements with 3D thin defects

Simões¹,

Serra

Tadeu³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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This paper presents an experimental study performed on building elements with embedded 3D thin defects looking to evaluate testing techniques used in Infrared Thermography (IRT) applications in buildings. An experimental campaign is performed on building elements with 3D defects located at different depths, using a pulse phase thermography based experimental setup. While numerous active IRT testing techniques have already been developed for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in many areas, there is still a substantial lack of active IRT applications in Civil Engineering due to the specific characteristics of building materials and construction solutions. This paper looks to further the application of experimental active IRT in buildings by presenting an experimental active IRT campaign which has been performed on test specimens simulating defected building elements containing thin inclusions beneath a ceramic tiling system. Test results are presented in terms of phase contrast curves.

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Passive Thermographic Inspection of Adhered Ceramic Claddings: Limitation and Conditioning Factors

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

Experimental IRT applications in building elements with 3D thin defects

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