Passive solar systems for buildings: performance indicators analysis and guidelines for the design

Abstract

Data from the International Energy Agency confirm that in a zero-energy perspective the integration of solar systems in buildings is essential. The development of passive solar strategies has suffered the lack of standard performance indicators and design guidelines. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the main passive solar design strategies based on their classification, performance evaluation and selection methods, with a focus on integrability. Climate and latitude affect the amount of incident solar radiation and the heat losses, while integrability mainly depends on the building structure. For existing buildings, shading and direct systems represent the easiest and most effective passive strategies, while building orientation and shape are limited to new constructions: proper design can reduce building energy demand around 40%. Commercial buildings prefer direct use systems while massive ones with integrated heat storage are more suitable for family houses. A proper selection must consider the energy and economic balance of different building services involved: a multi-objective evaluation method represents the most valid tool to determine the overall performance of passive solar strategies.

Superficie envolvente de control medio para mejorar el confort térmico de una vivienda en Huaraz

“…En cambio, las ganancias de las V2 de la Tabla 2, son de 75055 W mayor que las pérdidas de 57415 W, alcanzando una temperatura interior de confort de 21°C±0,5; temperatura similar a la dada por la ecuación de Szokolay (2014), aproximada a los resultados de Silva, Depaz y Alva (2016); Corrales y Villegas (2014); coincide con Monroy (2006:118), que para una vivienda de control medio con una temperatura exterior de 13,3 °C, que es de Huaraz, le corresponde 20,5° C. La V2 tiene un ahorro energético del 100%, mayor que los establecidos en estudios de otros contextos más frígidos que están entre el 25 al 85,6 % (Fosdick, 2016;Mazzocco et al, 2010;Saad y Araji, 2020;Cillari, Fantozzi, y Franco, 2021).…”

“…Se efectuaron investigaciones en diferentes países de latitudes altas, (Fosdick, 2016;Mazzocco et al 2020;Saad y Araji, 2020;Cillari, Fantozzi y Franco, 2021); las que concluyen que se puede reducir la demanda energética de edificaciones utilizando estrategias bioclimáticas, entre 20 al 85,6 %, cuando se usa una superficie envolvente con aislamiento térmico y orientación adecuada para la captación de la energía solar.…”

Simulation-Based Education Tool for Understanding Thermostatically Controlled Loads

“…These are the outside building air temperature or exterior ambient temperature T ea (k) (this model considers the exterior ambient temperature different from the exterior building wall temperature T ex (k) since, in general, both are different, adding accuracy to the model) that influences by the wall thermal conduction and the opening of doors and/or windows, electrical power consumed by the building for heating/cooling P h/c (k) and irradiance I(k), or energy per unit area of global solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface of the building. It is calculated according to the position and orientation of the building, as well as its geographical location (latitude and longitude) [53]. Finally, the output vector y(k) coincides with the state vector (this facilitates the use of the state vector for controller design because all its coordinates can be measured [54]) and represents the evolution of the temperatures of each of the thermal nodes.…”

Simulation-Based Education Tool for Thermostatically Controlled Loads Understand

“…These are the outside building air temperature or exterior ambient temperature 𝑇 (𝑘) (this model considers the exterior ambient temperature different from the exterior building wall temperature 𝑇 (𝑘) since in general both are different; again, this adds accuracy to the model) that influences by the wall thermal conduction and the opening of doors and/or windows, electrical power consumed by the building for heating/cooling 𝑃 / (𝑘) and irradiance 𝐼(𝑘), or energy per unit area of global solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface of the building. It is calculated according to the position and orientation of the building, as well as its geographical location (latitude and longitude) [52]. Finally, the output vector 𝒚(𝑘) coincides with the state vector (this facilitates the use of the state vector for controller design because all its coordinates can be measured [53]) and represents the evolution of the temperatures of each of the thermal nodes.…”