Passive smoking: The medical and economic issues

Lesmes, George R.; Donofrio, Kathryn H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(92)90626-m

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cigarettes and tobacco products cause significant economic losses in society when the high cost of medical treatments for illnesses such as cancer and related maladies are taken into consideration, as well as consumer expenditures for the products themselves. It reduces workforce capacity by causing premature deaths and, therefore, impacts the economy at the individual and social levels (2). Passive smokers are people who are exposed to cigarette smoke although they do not smoke directly; they are as negatively affected by cigarette smoke as active smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the generation of free radicals in saliva of active and passive smokers

Demirtaş¹,

Şenel²,

Yüksel³

et al. 2014

Turk J Med Sci

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The erosion/incision patterns of radiometrically well-constrained volcanic rocks provide excellent markers for revealing the landscape evolution. The Central Anatolian High Plateau represents an uplifted area that reaches up to 1500 m above sea level and includes the Cappadocian Volcanic Province (CVP). The CVP is composed of horizontally emplaced Neogene-Quaternary ignimbrites intercalated with lava flows and epiclastic continental sediments. River incision rates have been calculated using the morphological/ paleoaltimetric features of radiometrically well-constrained volcanic units in the area. Starting from 10 Ma until 5 Ma, there was no major erosion or incision. The morphology, uplift rate, and incision rates of the CVP reveal that the onset of uplift is post 8 Ma and incision started after 5 Ma. Between 5 and 2.5 Ma, the incision rate is computed as 0.12 mm/year, whereas, in the last 2.5 Ma, the incision rate slowed down to 0.04 mm/year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the generation of free radicals in saliva of active and passive smokers

Demirtaş¹,

Şenel²,

Yüksel³

et al. 2014

Turk J Med Sci

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“…Yan duman eksik yanmadan dolayı ana dumandan daha kirli ve toksiktir. Ül-kemizdeki sigaraya bağlı ölümlerin en az %15 i pasif sigara içimine bağlıdır (3,18).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Bazı epidemiyolojik çalışmalar-da sigara içiminin mesane kanseri gelişimi riskini 2-4 kat arttırdığı gösterilmiştir (9). Sigara dumanındaki mesane kanserlerine neden olan en önemli etken aromatik aminlerin N-Nitroso bileşikleri (NOCs) olduğu bilinmesine rağmen kanserojen mekanizma tam olarak anlaşılama-mıştır (10,11). Bölgeler arasında farklılıklar olmakla beraber erkeklerde tüm kanser türleri-nin %4,5'unu ve kadınlarda %1,5'unu oluştu-ran mesane kanseri üriner sistemin en sık görü-len kanserlerinden biridir (12).…”

Section: Abant Med J 2015;4(2):106-111unclassified

The effect of zinc rich diet to the cytokine profile in the Rat Bladder on cigarette smoke exposure

Terzi¹,

Kükner²,

Aydın³

et al. 2015

Turk J Bioch

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Amaç: Sigara içimi akciğer, larinks, özefagus, mide, mesane ve böbrek kanserleri ile kronik hastalıkların sebebidir. Sitokinler, inflamasyonun başlatılması ve sürdürülmesinde önemlidirler. Sigara, çinko eksikliği sebebidir. Çinko, antioksidan olup serbest radikallerin zararlarından hücreleri korur. Çalışmamızda sigara dumanına maruz bırakılarak çinkodan zengin diyet ile beslenen sıçanların mesane dokusundaki TLR 2, TLR 4, Nükleer faktör kappa B, İnterlö-kin 1β ve İnterlökin 10 ekspresyonuna etkisi incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada 24 adet erişkin erkek Wistar-Albino sıçanlar kullanıldı. Sıçanlar 4 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grup normal, 2. grup ise çinkodan zengin diyetle beslendi. Üçüncü ve 4. gruplar sigara inhalasyonu yapılan gruplar olup sırasıyla normal ve çinkodan zengin diyetle beslenen gruplardı. Deney sonunda alınan mesane dokuları histolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Kalan doku örnekleri ise Real time polymerase chain reaction yöntemi ile sitokin ekspresyonları gösterilerek değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmadaki hiçbir grup mesane epitelinde deği-şiklik izlenmemiştir. Sigara verilen grupta sadece düz kas yapılarında tabakalar arasında ödem ve bazı alanlarda yoğun inflamatuar hücreler ile bu alanlarda hemoraji ve konjesyona rastlanılmıştır. Çinkodan zengin diyetle beslenen denekler de ise inflamatuar hücrelere, konjesyona ve ödeme daha az rastlandı. Tüm sıçan gruplarının mesane dokularında sitokin ekspresyonları ikili olarak karşılaştır-malarda sigaraya maruz kalmış sıçanlarda çinko almayan ve çinko alan sıçanlar için NF-κB2 geni için anlamlı farklılık bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak sigara maruz kalan sıçanlarda çinko kullanımının anlamı bir şekilde NF-κB2 ekpresyonunu artışına neden olması, çinkonun sigaraya bağlı gelişen mesane kanserlerinde kanserli hücre apopitozunu arttıra-rak tedaviye katkı yapabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Objective: Cigarette smoking causes lung, larynx, esophagus, stomach, bladder and kidney cancers and chronic diseases. Cytokines are important in initiating and maintaining inflammation. Smoking is the cause of zinc deficiency. Zinc is an antioxidant and protects cells from free radical damage. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on expression of Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin 1β and interleukin 10 in the bladder tissue of rats fed with zinc rich diet. Method: In this study 24 adult male Wistar-Albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. First group was fed with normal diet, the 2nd group was fed with zinc rich diet. Third and 4th groups were exposed to cigarette inhalation and fed with normal and zinc rich diet respectively. The bladder tissues were taken at the end of the experiment and evaluated histologically. The remaining tissue samples were evaluated by the method of Real time polymerase chain reaction to show cytokine expression.

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“…The report sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency concluded that second-hand cigarette smoke is a major cause of indoor air pollution [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Second-hand smoking is responsible for deaths of more than 7,000 infants and 53,000 non-smoking adults annually [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Carcinogenesis of head and neck, breast and bladder in humans is greatly induced from field-wide tobacco exposure of the upper aerodigestive tract (oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, lung, stomach) generated from active tobacco smoking and second-hand smoking [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Activates Protein Association and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the GPI-Transamidase Complex Subunits in Human Cancers

Huang¹,

Nagpal²,

Trink³

et al. 2009

JEBP

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Abstract:We previously found that the protein subunits of GPI-transamidase complex (e.g. PIG-U, PIG-T and GPAA1) play critical roles of oncogenes in human bladder and breast cancers manifesting their activities through signaling mechanisms that involve urokinase receptor/Stat3 and paxillin pathways. We report here that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) enhanced colony formation and invasiveness of certain human cancer cells (e.g. head and neck, bladder or breast). We found that CSE induced the complex formation between PIG-U, PIG-T and GPAA1 proteins and also the association between GPAA1 and EGFR in cancer cells. We observed that inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase, Gefitinib or Erlotinib, modulated tyrosine phosphorylation of PIG-U and PIG-T induced by CSE. We also found that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and siRNA silencing of PIG-U, PIG-T or GPAA1 modulated the CSE-induced increase in colony formation and invasiveness of human bladder cancer cells. We suggest that the novel mechanism overlapping the oncogenic potential of PIG-U, PIG-T and GPAA1 implicates EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation of PIG-U or PIG-T and subsequent paxillin phosphorylation.

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Passive smoking: The medical and economic issues

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

A comparison of the generation of free radicals in saliva of active and passive smokers

A comparison of the generation of free radicals in saliva of active and passive smokers

The effect of zinc rich diet to the cytokine profile in the Rat Bladder on cigarette smoke exposure

Tobacco Smoke Activates Protein Association and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the GPI-Transamidase Complex Subunits in Human Cancers

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