Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults

He, Fan; Li, Tian; Lin, Junfen; Li, Fudong; Zhai, Yujia; Zhang, Tao; Gu, Xue

doi:10.3390/ijerph17041402

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…PSE prevalence in our study was analogous to findings from similar studies in other settings [ 19 , 25 , 32 , 43 , 52 – 56 ]. For example, the prevalence of PSE was 36.1% in 2011 [ 19 ] and 31,1% in 2019 [ 53 ] in South Korea, 38.8% in Nigeria [ 52 ] and approximately 16–39% in India [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Also, PSE accounts for approximately 3million deaths and dis-ability life adjusted years among about 11million people worldwide [ 29 ]. Further to this, PSE has been suggested to be associated with increased risk of some cancers [ 29 , 31 ], cognitive impairment [ 32 ], chronic kidney disease [ 33 ] and reduced coronary flow velocity reserve (CVFR) [ 34 ]. The pathophysiology of PSE and hypertension risk is multifaceted and yet to be clearly understood, but can be explained in several ways,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

et al. 2021

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Background Hypertension is a major public health problem and a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, whether passive smoking exposure (PSE) is associated with the risk of hypertension is scarcely understood. This study assessed the association between PSE and the risk of hypertension among adults (≥18 years) in the United States of America. Methods Three thousand and sixty-seven adults were identified from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the association between PSE and hypertension (adjusting for relevant confounders) was examined using multivariable adjusted-logistic regression analysis at P < 0.05. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years. Overall, 23.7% of respondents reported PSE and 32.6% were hypertensives (of which only 14.3% were aware of their hypertensive state) Also, adjusted odds of hypertension for participants with PSE was 1.038 (1.037, 1.040), P < 0.0001, in the overall population. Also, PSE aggravated odds of hypertension among young adults – < 60 years (aOR: 1.095, 95CI%: 1.094 to 1.097), P < 0.0001, and old adults – ≥60 years (aOR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.113), P < 0.0001. Similarly, PSE was associated with increased odds of hypertension among women (aOR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.238 to 1.242), P < 0.0001 but not among men (aOR: 0.755, 95% CI: 0.754 to 0.757), P < 0.0001. Conclusions PSE was independently associated with the risk of hypertension particularly among women, young and old adults. A multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort may help ascertain causality and provide more evidence for appropriate interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

et al. 2021

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“…Brain studies reveal a thinner anterior cingulum and prefrontal lobe, and many other structural abnormalities in smokers [37]. Passive smoking increases the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults by 24% and this seems to be especially prominent with non-smokers [38]. Cigarette smoking at an earlier age appears to predict the onset of cognitive impairment at an older age [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyles and Cognition

Agarwal¹

2021

Integr J Med Sci

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Cognitive decline is a growing medical concern. It includes age-related cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Dementia results in considerable dysfunction in life and is associated with an increase in mortality. Since there is no cure at this time, attention is being increasingly directed towards prevention. Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, physical inactivity, poor diet, improper sleep, and loneliness are repeatedly being recognized as modifiable factors that can reduce cognitive decline. This manuscript briefly reviews the lifestyle-cognition relationship.

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“…Previous studies in China indicated that SHS exposure increased the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. 16 17 Nevertheless, both these studies only used two-wave longitudinal data and did not control for baseline cognition. 16 17 Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SHS and cognitive function among older non-smoking Chinese women, using three-wave longitudinal national representative data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 17 Nevertheless, both these studies only used two-wave longitudinal data and did not control for baseline cognition. 16 17 Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SHS and cognitive function among older non-smoking Chinese women, using three-wave longitudinal national representative data. Through the classification of respondents by different years of SHS exposure in a 4-year panel, we identified whether certain high SHS exposure groups were at higher risk of cognitive decline than others after controlling for confounders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of secondhand smoke exposure on cognitive function among middle-aged and older women in China: findings from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2020

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ObjectivesTo examine the association between secondhand smoke (SSH) and women’s global cognitive function and cognitive subdomains.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsData for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2013-2015), and pooled analysis was applied to wave 1 and wave 2 (2011–2013), wave 2 and wave 3 (2013–2015) and wave 1 and wave 3 (2011–2015). Data from a total of 6875 Chinese women with normal cognitive function at baseline were selected for analysis, including 2981 who were interviewed in 2011, 2471 in 2013, and 1894 in 2015.Main outcome measures and methodsSHS was classified based on the number of exposed years (<25 years, ≥25 years to <30 years, ≥30 years to <40 years, ≥40 years). Global cognitive function, visuospatial ability, orientation and attention, and episodic memory function were used as measures of cognitive function. Three waves of data were pooled using a dummy variable to differentiate between 2-year and 4-year groups. LDV models were used to examine independent associations between SHS and cognitive function. Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, baseline cognitive functioning and health conditions were controlled for in our models.ResultsSSH was found to be inversely and significantly associated with cognitive function. Compared with those who had not been exposed to household SSH, women who had lived with a smoking husband had a significantly faster cognition decline, especially in global cognitive function (β=−0.33, 95% CI=−0.66 to −0.01, p<0.01), visuospatial ability (β=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.08 to −0.01, p<0.05) and episodic memory function (β=−0.16, 95% CI=−0.31 to −0.01, p=0.031).ConclusionsHousehold SSH exposure for more than 40 years was associated with a more significant decline in global cognitive function, visuospatial ability and episodic memory function, but not in orientation and attention function among older Chinese women.

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Passive Smoking Exposure in Living Environments Reduces Cognitive Function: A Prospective Cohort Study in Older Adults

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015–2016 NHANES data

Lifestyles and Cognition

Impact of secondhand smoke exposure on cognitive function among middle-aged and older women in China: findings from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

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