Passive sampling reversed: Coupling passive field sampling with passive lab dosing to assess the ecotoxicity of mixtures present in the marine environment

Claessens, M.; Monteyne, E.; Wille, Klaas; Vanhaecke, Lynn; Roose, Patrick; Janssen, Colin R.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.028

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…24,25,28,67 Plastic acting as a source of HOCs in the environment, which subsequently are available for dermal uptake or uptake by the gills (“source”). 13,19,20,24,25 Plastic accumulating HOCs from the seawater and organisms (“sink”). 12,22,24,25,54 Desorption of HOCs from plastic followed by uptake by natural organic particles or prey, followed by ingestion of prey (“indirect source, dietary”).…”

Section: The Role Of Microplastic In Bioaccumulation Of Hocs To Marinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Critical Review and Model-Supported Reinterpretation of Empirical Studies

Koelmans

Bakir

Burton

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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1,150

609

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The hypothesis that 'microplastic will transfer hazardous hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC) to marine animals' has been central to the perceived hazard and risk of plastic in the marine environment. The hypothesis is often cited and has gained momentum, turning it into paradigm status. We provide a critical evaluation of the scientific literature regarding this hypothesis. Using new calculations based on published studies, we explain the sometimes contrasting views and unify them in one interpretive framework. One explanation for the contrasting views among studies is that they test different hypotheses. When reframed in the context of the above hypothesis, the available data become consistent. We show that HOC microplastic-water partitioning can be assumed to be at equilibrium for most microplastic residing in the oceans. We calculate the fraction of total HOC sorbed by plastics to be small compared to that sorbed by other media in the ocean. We further demonstrate consistency among (a) measured HOC transfer from microplastic to organisms in the laboratory, (b) measured HOC desorption rates for polymers in artificial gut fluids (c) simulations by plastic-inclusive bioaccumulation models and (d) HOC desorption rates for polymers inferred from first principles. We conclude that overall the flux of HOCs bioaccumulated from natural prey overwhelms the flux from ingested microplastic for most habitats, which implies that microplastic ingestion is not likely to increase the exposure to and thus risks of HOCs in the marine environment.

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Section: The Role Of Microplastic In Bioaccumulation Of Hocs To Marinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Critical Review and Model-Supported Reinterpretation of Empirical Studies

Koelmans

Bakir

Burton

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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1,150

609

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“…Among the measured target compounds, PCA followed by OPLS‐DA identified the β‐blocker atenolol as the one contributing the most to the observed variation in mixture composition attributable to differing extract storage time. Atenolol was detected in marine waters in previous research (Claessens et al ; Brumovsky et al ) and has been reported at up to 50 ng L –1 (Claessens et al ) in the harbor of Zeebrugge. Median effect concentration (72 h) values for P. tricornutum have been reported at 312 mg L –1 (95% confidence interval 262–371 mg L –1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Growth Stimulation Effects of Environmentally Realistic Contaminant Mixtures on a Marine Diatom

Moeris

Vanryckeghem

Demeestere

et al. 2019

Environ Toxicol Chem

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To estimate mixture effects caused by the high number of chemicals simultaneously present in the environment, methods for routine effect assessment of environmentally realistic contaminant mixtures are needed. We repeatedly exposed the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to SpeediskTM passive sampler extracts and observed statistically significant growth stimulation up to 6 and 7% for samples from inside and outside the harbor of Zeebrugge, respectively. These effects were found at summed contaminant concentrations (159–166 ng L–1) that were within a 1.1‐ to 2.4‐fold range of those observed in grab water samples taken during sampler deployment. These stimulatory effects were confirmed in 2 independent tests with extracts stored for <1 or 8 mo that had undergone limited sample handling, whereas no effects were observed for extracts that had been stored for 16 mo that had undergone repeated handling (notably repeated freezing and thawing) before biotest spiking. Targeted analysis by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify 88 personal care products (n = 8), pesticides (n = 28), and pharmaceuticals (n = 52). Among these compounds, multivariate statistical analysis put forward the β‐blocker atenolol as explaining most of the observed variation in mixture composition between the growth‐stimulating and no effect–causing extracts. However, when tested individually over the entire concentration range present in the extracts, atenolol did not have any effect on P. tricornutum, suggesting that nontargeted substances in the extracts may have contributed to the observed stimulatory effects. Nevertheless, the present study shows that exposure to contaminant mixtures at environmentally realistic concentrations can lead to small but significant growth stimulation effects on the marine diatom P. tricornutum. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1313–1322. © 2019 SETAC

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“…For instance, Claessens et al 33 did not observe any adverse effects on growth inhibition, using the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) exposed by passive dosing to an environmental chemical mixture from seawater from the Belgian coast. Furthermore, Everaert et al 73 used the same methodology as Claessens et al 33 to investigate the toxicity of an environmental mixture of HOCs sampled in the same area and concluded that chemical exposure at ambient levels explained only 1.1% of the variability in the growth dynamic of P. tricornutum that was largely controlled by environmental factors, such as nutrient availability, temperature and light. In another study from the open Atlantic Ocean, the toxicity of chemical mixtures sampled from ocean water on marine cyanobacteria was investigated by solvent spiking.…”

Section: Effects Of the Exposure On Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 In a recent study, sheets of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were deployed along the Belgian coast and were there-aer used as a passive dosing source of environmental mixtures of chemicals in bioassays. 33 No dilutions or up-concentrations of the chemical mixture were performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferring mixtures of chemicals from sediment to a bioassay using silicone-based passive sampling and dosing

Mustajärvi

Eriksson-Wiklund

Gorokhova

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Environmental mixtures of chemicals consist of a countless number of compounds with unknown identity and quantity. Yet, chemical regulation is mainly built around the assessment of single chemicals. Existing frameworks for assessing the toxicity of mixtures require that both the chemical composition and quantity are known. Quantitative analyses of the chemical composition of environmental mixtures are however extremely challenging and resource-demanding. Bioassays may therefore serve as a useful approach for investigating the combined toxicity of environmental mixtures of chemicals in a cost-efficient and holistic manner. In this study, an unknown environmental mixture of bioavailable semi-hydrophobic to hydrophobic chemicals was sampled from a contaminated sediment in a coastal Baltic Sea area using silicone polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an equilibrium passive sampler. The chemical mixture was transferred to a PDMS-based passive dosing system, and its applicability was demonstrated using green algae Tetraselmis suecica in a cell viability assay. The proportion of dead cells increased significantly with increasing exposure level and in a dose-response manner. At an ambient concentration, the proportion of dead cells in the population was nearly doubled compared to the control; however, the difference was non-significant due to high inter-replicate variability and a low number of replicates. The validation of the test system regarding equilibrium sampling, loading efficiency into the passive dosing polymer, stability of the mixture composition, and low algal mortality in control treatments demonstrates that combining equilibrium passive sampling and passive dosing is a promising tool for investigating the toxicity of bioavailable semi-hydrophobic and hydrophobic chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.

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Passive sampling reversed: Coupling passive field sampling with passive lab dosing to assess the ecotoxicity of mixtures present in the marine environment

Cited by 27 publications

References 80 publications

Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Critical Review and Model-Supported Reinterpretation of Empirical Studies

Microplastic as a Vector for Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Critical Review and Model-Supported Reinterpretation of Empirical Studies

Growth Stimulation Effects of Environmentally Realistic Contaminant Mixtures on a Marine Diatom

Transferring mixtures of chemicals from sediment to a bioassay using silicone-based passive sampling and dosing

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