Passive removal materials for indoor ozone control

Darling, Erin; Morrison, Glenn; Corsi, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.06.018

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…To this end, potentially useful alternatives are clay-based materials that can be incorporated into wall coverings, either as a paint component or in plaster. 109 Darling et al 110 investigated clay wall plaster as an ozone PRM, including byproduct formation, using both sensory evaluations and chemical measurements. Darling and Corsi 111 exposed samples of clay-based interior surface coatings in residences over six-month periods and periodically tested them in the laboratory for ozone removal and byproduct formation.…”

Section: Ozone Miti G Ati Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More promising seems to be the possibility of substitution, i.e., replacing materials that might otherwise be used for indoor surfaces with alternatives that have a greater effectiveness in reducing indoor ozone concentrations while simultaneously diminishing chemical byproduct formation. To this end, potentially useful alternatives are clay‐based materials that can be incorporated into wall coverings, either as a paint component or in plaster 109 . Darling et al 110 investigated clay wall plaster as an ozone PRM, including byproduct formation, using both sensory evaluations and chemical measurements.…”

Section: Ozone Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor ozone: Concentrations and influencing factors

2021

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Because people spend most of their time indoors, much of their exposure to ozone occurs in buildings, which are partially protective against outdoor ozone. Measurements in approximately 2000 indoor environments (residences, schools, and offices) show a central tendency for average indoor ozone concentration of 4-6 ppb and an indoor to outdoor concentration ratio of about 25%. Considerable variability in this ratio exists among buildings, as influenced by seven building-associated factors: ozone removal in mechanical ventilation systems, ozone penetration through the building envelope, air-change rates, ozone loss rate on fixed indoor surfaces, ozone loss rate on human occupants, ozone loss by homogeneous reaction with nitrogen oxides, and ozone loss by reaction with gas-phase organics. Among these, the most important are air-change rates, ozone loss rate on fixed indoor surfaces, and, in densely occupied spaces, ozone loss rate on human occupants. Although most indoor ozone originates outdoors and enters with ventilation air, indoor emission sources can materially increase indoor ozone concentrations. Mitigation technologies to reduce indoor ozone concentrations are available or are being investigated. The most mature of these technologies, activated carbon filtration of mechanical ventilation supply air, shows a high modeled health-benefit to cost ratio when applied in densely occupied spaces.

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Section: Ozone Miti G Ati Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ozone Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor ozone: Concentrations and influencing factors

2021

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“…Can temperature be used to control exposure in buildings with predictably periodic occupation? Selected building surfaces have a very large capacity to remove gaseous contaminants as demonstrated for ozone 449–451 …”

Section: Temperature and Exposure To Indoor Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and indoor environments

Salthammer

Morrison

2022

Indoor Air

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From the thermodynamic perspective, the term temperature is clearly defined for ideal physical systems: A unique temperature can be assigned to each black body via its radiation spectrum, and the temperature of an ideal gas is given by the velocity distribution of the molecules. While the indoor environment is not an ideal system, fundamental physical and chemical processes, such as diffusion, partitioning equilibria, and chemical reactions, are predictably temperature‐dependent. For example, the logarithm of reaction rate and equilibria constants are proportional to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. It is therefore possible to have non‐linear, very steep changes in chemical phenomena over a relatively small temperature range. On the contrary, transport processes are more influenced by spatial temperature, momentum, and pressure gradients as well as by the density, porosity, and composition of indoor materials. Consequently, emergent phenomena, such as emission rates or dynamic air concentrations, can be the result of complex temperature‐dependent relationships that require a more empirical approach. Indoor environmental conditions are further influenced by the thermal comfort needs of occupants. Not only do occupants have to create thermal conditions that serve to maintain their core body temperature, which is usually accomplished by wearing appropriate clothing, but also the surroundings must be adapted so that they feel comfortable. This includes the interaction of the living space with the ambient environment, which can vary greatly by region and season. Design of houses, apartments, commercial buildings, and schools is generally utility and comfort driven, requiring an appropriate energy balance, sometimes considering ventilation but rarely including the impact of temperature on indoor contaminant levels. In our article, we start with a review of fundamental thermodynamic variables and discuss their influence on typical indoor processes. Then, we describe the heat balance of people in their thermal environment. An extensive literature study is devoted to the thermal conditions in buildings, the temperature‐dependent release of indoor pollutants from materials and their distribution in the various interior compartments as well as aspects of indoor chemistry. Finally, we assess the need to consider temperature holistically with regard to the changes to be expected as a result of global emergencies such as climate change.

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“…The MEK vapour pressure is 95.1 mmHg at T = 25 • C. It has an odour threshold of 5.4 ppm, corresponding to 16 mg/m 3 [57]. Paints were applied and tested on an inert substrate: in this case a stainless steel sheet, with an exposed surface of 7.0 cm × 7.0 cm, was chosen because stainless steel does not adsorb any pollutants and for this reason it is widely used for reactors [58] or chambers [13].…”

Section: Depolluting Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Impact of Commercial Paint on Indoor Air Quality by Using Highly Porous Fillers

et al. 2017

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In the current paper, the effect on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of two commercial acrylic-based paints were compared: one (Paint A) for indoor applications, the other (Paint B) for indoor/outdoor applications. Both were applied on an inert and on a real mortar substrate. The possibility of Paint B to passively improve IAQ was also investigated when adding highly porous adsorbent fillers, both as addition or as total replacement of a conventional siliceous one. The obtained results show that all paints have high capacity to inhibit biological growth. Paint A is more breathable and it has a higher moisture buffering capacity. Paint B negatively modifies the beneficial properties of the mortar substrate for IAQ. However, the use of unconventional fillers, especially as addition to the formulation, allows the recovery of the same properties of the substrate or even the enhancement of about 20% of the ability to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under the current test conditions.

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Passive removal materials for indoor ozone control

Cited by 31 publications

References 126 publications

Indoor ozone: Concentrations and influencing factors

Indoor ozone: Concentrations and influencing factors

Temperature and indoor environments

Improving the Impact of Commercial Paint on Indoor Air Quality by Using Highly Porous Fillers

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