Passive Radar Imaging of Ship Targets With GNSS Signals of Opportunity

Pastina, Debora; Santi, Fabrizio; Pieralice, Francesca; Antoniou, Michail; Cherniakov, M.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3005306

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, a series of problems encountered during the research process were studied in depth, such as power budget [15], synchronization [16], and imaging algorithms [17]. This technology has been demonstrated to be meaningful for detecting [18], recognizing targets [19], and surface change monitoring [20,21]. Moreover, the number of GNSS satellites illuminating the same area on the ground from different aspect angles is about 20-30 for GNSS constellations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved GNSS-Based Bistatic SAR Using Multi-Satellites Fusion: Analysis and Experimental Demonstration

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is getting more and more attention in remote sensing for its all-weather and real-time global observation capability. Its low range resolution results from the narrow signal bandwidth limits in its development. The configuration difference caused by the illumination angle and movement direction of the different satellites makes it possible to improve resolution by multi-satellite fusion. However, this also introduces new problems with the resolution-enhancing efficiency and increased computation brought about by the fusion. In this paper, we aim at effectively improving the resolution of the multi-satellite fusion system. To this purpose, firstly, the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the multi-satellite fusion system is analyzed, and focusing on the relationship between the fusion resolution and the geometric configuration and the number of satellites. Numerical simulation results show that, compared with multi-satellite fusion, dual-satellite fusion is a combination with higher resolution enhancement efficiency. Secondly, a method for dual-satellite fusion imaging based on optimized satellite selection is proposed. With the greedy algorithm, the selection is divided into two steps: in the first step, according to geometry configuration, the single-satellite with the optimal 2-D resolution is selected as the reference satellite; in the second step, the angles between the azimuthal vector of the reference satellite and the azimuthal vector of the other satellites were calculated by the traversal method, the satellite corresponding to the intersection angle which is closest to 90° is selected as the auxiliary satellite. The fused image was obtained by non-coherent addition of the images generated by the reference satellite and the auxiliary satellite, respectively. Finally, the GPS L1 real orbit multi-target simulation and experimental validation were conducted, respectively. The simulation results show that the 2-D resolution of the images produced by our proposed method is globally optimal 15 times and suboptimal 8 times out of 24 data sets. The experimental results show that the 2-D resolution of our proposed method is optimal in the scene, and the area of the resolution unit is reduced by 70.1% compared to the single-satellite’s images. In the experiment, there are three navigation satellites for imaging, the time taken to the proposed method was 66.6% that of the traversal method. Simulations and experiments fully demonstrate the feasibility of the method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved GNSS-Based Bistatic SAR Using Multi-Satellites Fusion: Analysis and Experimental Demonstration

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…A high-order expansion is prerequisite under the condition of such a long dwell time, which goes to indicate an intricate Doppler migration. Moreover, the oscillation and rotation motions of the vessel target in practice can make the Doppler migration more complicated [14]. Finally, the corresponding Doppler error inside the coherent processing interval is shown in the bottom box of Figure 2b.…”

Section: Echo Model and Characteristic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, when the integration time is in the order of several tens of seconds, the migrations become more intricate. In addition, the oscillation and rotation motions of the vessel target in practice introduce an additional Doppler migration [14]. Usually, the detected vessel target is noncooperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BeiDou-Based Passive Radar Vessel Target Detection: Method and Experiment via Long-Time Optimized Integration

Huang

Lou

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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The BeiDou navigation satellite system shows its potential for passive radar vessel target detection owing to its global-scale coverage. However, the restrained power budget from BeiDou satellite hampers the detection performance. To solve this limitation, this paper proposes a long-time optimized integration method to obtain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). During the long observation time, the range migration, intricate Doppler migration, and noncoherence characteristic bring challenges to the integration processing. In this paper, first, the keystone transform is applied to correct the range walk. Then, considering the noncoherence of the entire echo, the hybrid integration strategy is adopted. To remove the Doppler migration and correct the residual range migration, the long-time integration is modeled as an optimization problem. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem, after which the target echo over the long observation time is well concentrated, providing a reliable detection performance for the BeiDou-based passive radar. Its effectiveness is shown by the simulated and experimental results.

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“…Additionally, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals have also been used for passive ISAR in [274]- [276].…”

Section: Advantages Disadvantages Robustness To Unfortunate Imaging Geometries (Target Motions)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: A Historical Perspective and State-of-the-Art Survey

Vehmas¹,

Neuberger

2021

IEEE Access

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Radar can obtain high spatial resolution at large operating distances and its operation is largely independent from weather and lighting conditions. This makes it an important instrument in an ever-increasing number of applications requiring robust and reliable sensing of the environment. Due to the advancements in semiconductor technology and digital computation power, radar can obtain increasingly better position estimation accuracy, detection sensitivity, and target resolution. High-resolution imaging is an example of a rapidly advancing field of radar technology. Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is an imaging technique that uses the motion of a target to obtain a high-resolution radar image of it. This paper presents a comprehensive review of past work and the state-of-the-art in ISAR imaging systems, algorithms, and applications. Starting from the early historical developments of simple monostatic range-Doppler imaging, we present the developments up to the current advanced spatially distributed imaging modalities and reconstruction algorithms. The list of references includes the most influential ISAR publications in the open literature up to early 2021.

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Passive Radar Imaging of Ship Targets With GNSS Signals of Opportunity

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

Improved GNSS-Based Bistatic SAR Using Multi-Satellites Fusion: Analysis and Experimental Demonstration

Improved GNSS-Based Bistatic SAR Using Multi-Satellites Fusion: Analysis and Experimental Demonstration

BeiDou-Based Passive Radar Vessel Target Detection: Method and Experiment via Long-Time Optimized Integration

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: A Historical Perspective and State-of-the-Art Survey

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