Passive near-field localization of multiple non-Gaussian sources in 3-D using cumulants

Localization of 3d Near-Field Source Using the Aperture Extension Method and Nonuniform Cross Array

“…However, when a source is in the Fresnel region of the array aperture [2][3][4][5], those algorithms in [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] will fail to locate sources. Therefore, for the NF source localization issue, some other algorithms [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] are also developed. More specifically, for 2D NF sources localization, Swindlehurst and Kailath proposed a spatial Wigner distribution approach [12], however, this method has a less-than-ideal estimation accuracy.…”

“…However, in many practical applications, different sources are located at different planes, and thus the 2D NF localization methods are no longer applicable [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] for 3D NF sources. Accordingly, some valuable algorithms [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have been proposed for 3D NF sources localization.…”

“…Accordingly, some valuable algorithms [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have been proposed for 3D NF sources localization. In [18,19], based on cumulant matrices, a 3D NF source localization algorithm with a centro-symmetric cross array in the X-Y plane was presented, while it has a large amount of computation, is applicable only for non-Gaussian sources and requires a parameters pair-matching procedure. With a centro-symmetric cross array in the X-Y plane, R. N. Challa et al presented a second-orderstatistics (SOS) based solution [20] to locate the 3D NF sources, while it also requires a parameters pair-matching procedure.…”

“…The above-mentioned 2D [14][15][16][17] and 3D [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] NF source localization algorithms have one or more main constraints: i) the number of source that they can deal with at most is not more than the half of number of array sensors; ii) the inter-sensor spacing of the array is within the quarter-wavelength of sources; iii) the extra parameters pair-matching procedure is required; iv) the computational cost is large.…”

“…To overcome the shortages of the conventional NF source localization algorithms [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], this paper develops a novel AE-based NF localization algorithm to jointly estimate the elevation/azimuth angle and range parameters of the 3D NF sources. Firstly, the proposed algorithm inserts some "zero" elements into the output vectorz(t) of the NLA along Z axis so as to constructs a new array output vectorz (t) which is corresponding to a ULA.…”