Passive immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with the Lyme disease spirochete

Johnson, Russell C.; Kodner, Carrie; Russell, Marie

doi:10.1128/iai.53.3.713-714.1986

Cited by 124 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The primary immune defense mechanism against B. burgdorferi infection, as with other spirochetal infections, 23 is the specific humoral immune response. 24,25 The anti-B. burgdorferi antibody response in our stud- ies displayed characteristics seen previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Book Reviews

Pachner

Cadavid

Shu

et al. 2001

Annals of Neurology

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The relationship between chronic infection, antispirochetal immunity, and inflammation is unknown in Lyme neuroborreliosis. In the nonhuman primate model of Lyme neuroborreliosis, we measured spirochetal density in the nervous system and other tissues by polymerase chain reaction and correlated these values to anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and to inflammation in tissues. Despite substantial presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, in the central nervous system, only minor inflammation was present there, though skeletal and cardiac muscle, which contained similar levels of spirochete, were highly inflamed. Anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody was present in the cerebrospinal fluid but was not selectively concentrated. All infected animals developed anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in the serum, but increased amplitude of antibody was not predictive of higher levels of infection. These data demonstrate that Lyme neuroborreliosis is a persistent infection, that spirochetal presence is a necessary but not sufficient condition for inflammation, and that antibody measured in serum may not predict the severity of infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Book Reviews

Pachner

Cadavid

Shu

et al. 2001

Annals of Neurology

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“…The manifestations of infection include characteristic skin lesions, erythema migrans (EM), a non-speci¢c £u-like illness, followed by neurological, cardiac or joint involvement [2^4]. Soon after the discovery of B. burgdorferi as an etiological agent of Lyme disease, vaccination of experimental animals with whole B. burgdorferi cells was found to provide protection against challenge and established an important role for antibody-mediated immunity in protection [5,6]. Further studies demonstrated that the induction of anti-bodies that killed B. burgdorferi speci¢cally was responsible for providing protection against infection [7^11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific immune response to a synthetic peptide derived from outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi predicts protective borreliacidal antibodies

Ikushima

2000

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology

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In a previous study, we described the development of a new specific serodiagnostic test for Lyme disease involving enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a synthetic peptide, OspC-I. The OspC-I peptide is derived from part of the outer surface protein C (OspC) amino acid sequence of Borrelia burgdorferi and is located in the region conserved among B. burgdorferi sensu stricto or sensu lato isolates. In this study, we demonstrate that sera containing antibodies against OspC-I from patients with early Lyme disease had borreliacidal activity against isolates of three genospecies of Lyme disease spirochete, B. burgdoreferi B31, B. garinii HPI and B. afzelii HT61. However, the borreliacidal activity against B. burgdorferi, which has not been isolated in Japan, was weaker than that against the other species. Vaccination of mice with OspC-I induced the production of anti-OspC-I antibodies in serum with borreliacidal activity. The immune mouse serum had significantly higher levels of borreliacidal activity against HP1 and HT61, than against B31. Neutralization of borreliacidal activity with anti-IgM antibodies showed that the borreliacidal activity of anti-OspC-I antibodies in serum was due to IgM. Furthermore. mice vaccinated with OspC-I were protected against challenge with HPI and HT61. but not fully protected against infection with B31. These results suggest that OspC-I is not only a specific antigen for use in serodiagnostic tests for Lyme disease, but is also a potential candidate for a Lyme disease vaccine in Japan.

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“…In both NHPs and mice, the disease consists of chronic infection and inflammation. The arm of the immune system primarily responsible for spirochetal clearance is the humoral immune response,12, 13 and the infection in humans and animal models is dominated by B‐cell hyperactivity14 and the presence of plasma cells in tissue15–18 and cerebrospinal fluid 19–21…”

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confidence: 99%

The nervous system as ectopic germinal center: CXCL13 and IgG in lyme neuroborreliosis

Narayan

Dail

et al. 2005

Annals of Neurology

102

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Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a chronic infection in which B-cell activation, plasma cell infiltration, and enhanced Ig production in infected tissue are prominent feature. However, little is known about how B cells and plasma cells invade and persist in target organs. To assess this issue, we developed real-time PCR measurements of IgG and CXCL13 production. We used these RNA assays and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for protein and demonstrated that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), stimulated by Borrelia burgdorferi sonicate, produced CXCL13 and IgG. Magnetic separation of PBMC populations and flow cytometry showed that CXCL13 is produced by dendritic cells. We then measure the expression of CXCL13 and IgG in tissues and correlated the expression of these host genes with spirochetal load. We also measured expression of dbpA and BBK32, two spirochetal genes important in chronic infection. There was a strong correlation between host immune response gene expression (CXCL13 and IgG) and spirochetal load. Immunohistochemistry of infected nonhuman primates tissue confirmed that CXCL13 is expressed in the nervous system. We conclude that persistent production of CXCL13 and IgG within infected tissue, two characteristics of ectopic germinal centers, are definitive features of LNB.

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Passive immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with the Lyme disease spirochete

Cited by 124 publications

References 15 publications

Book Reviews

Book Reviews

Specific immune response to a synthetic peptide derived from outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi predicts protective borreliacidal antibodies

The nervous system as ectopic germinal center: CXCL13 and IgG in lyme neuroborreliosis

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