Passive immunisation, an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

Hedegaard, Chris Juul; Heegaard, Peter M. H.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.007

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…After birth, calves are born in an agammaglobulinemia state and need colostrum with a high level of immunoglobulins (Igs). In the first 24 h, these Igs can penetrate the bloodstream by binding to the Fc receptors located in the intestinal brush border [31,32]. Produced by B cells or plasma cells in the blood of lactating cows [33], these Igs are responsible for the early protection of newborns against different infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

et al. 2020

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Different types of vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) are commercially available. Among these, inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunised with commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccines to calves. We vaccinated 12 pregnant cattle devoid of neutralising antibodies against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and divided them into two groups with 6 animals each. Both groups were injected with a different inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine administrated via intranasal or intramuscular routes. An additional 6 pregnant cattle served as the unvaccinated control group. After calving, the number of animals in each group was increased by the newborn calves. In the dams, the humoral immune response was evaluated before calving and, subsequently, at different times until post-calving day 180 (PCD180). In addition, the antibodies in colostrum, milk, and in serum samples from newborn calves were evaluated at different times until PCD180. The results indicated that inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle until calving and PCD180. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until PCD180.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

et al. 2020

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“…Large herds and intensive production increase the number of endotoxin-related diseases such as acute ruminal acidosis, per-acute mastitis, toxic metritis, and septic peritonitis. Additionally, failure of, or insufficient, passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins is a common cause of neonatal sepsis in lambs and goat kids [23]. Circulating leukocytes play a crucial role in initiating the APR in all sepsis-related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of innate immune genes in caprine blood leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSepsis is a serious health problem associated with a range of infectious diseases in animals and humans. Early events of this syndrome can be mimicked by experimental administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Compared with mice, small ruminants and humans are highly sensitive to LPS, making goats valuable in inflammatory models. We performed a longitudinal study in eight Norwegian dairy goats that received LPS (0.1 μg/kg, Escherichia coli O26:B6) intravenously. A control group of five goats received corresponding volumes of sterile saline. Clinical examinations were performed continuously, and blood samples were collected throughout the trial.ResultsCharacteristic signs of acute sepsis, such as sickness behavior, fever, and leukopenia were observed within 1 h of LPS administration. A high-throughput longitudinal gene expression analysis of circulating leukocytes was performed, and genes associated with the acute phase response, type I interferon signaling, LPS cascade and apoptosis, in addition to cytokines and chemokines were targeted. Pro-inflammatory genes, such as IL1B, CCL3 and IL8, were significantly up-regulated. Interestingly, increased mRNA levels of seven interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were observed peaking at 2 h, corroborating the increasing evidence that ISGs respond immediately to bacterial endotoxins. A slower response was manifested by four extrahepatic acute phase proteins (APP) (SAA3, HP, LF and LCN2) reaching maximum levels at 5 h.ConclusionsWe report an immediate induction of ISGs in leukocytes in response to LPS supporting a link between the interferon system and defense against bacterial infections. The extrahepatic expression of APPs suggests that leukocytes contribute to synthesis of these proteins at the beginning of a systemic inflammation. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the dynamic regulation of innate immune genes, as well as raising new questions regarding the importance of ISGs and extrahepatic APPs in leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0870-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Also, this herd is known for recurrent problems with weaning diarrhea due to Escherichia coli . So to reduce the age difference of the piglets at weaning and to ensure that all piglets are nursed and protected by lactogenic immunity for four weeks [12, 13], it was decided to implement a different nursing and fostering strategy. A nursing strategy was designed based on the split suckling strategy [4–6], often applied in sow herds in the first day of parturition, combined with the intermitted suckling strategy [14–16] and it was named “double nursing (DN)”.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of double nursing, an alternative nursing strategy for the hyper-prolific sow herd, on herd performance

2017

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BackgroundHyper-prolific sows produce more piglets than they can suckle, as the number of milk producing teats of the sow is lower (twelve to sixteen) than the number of live born piglets per litter. Farmers and farm workers are struggling to feed this surplus of piglets. To minimize suckling piglet mortality, litter size at 24 hours after parturition should not exceed the number of functional teats of the sow. Strategies to adequately nurse or feed the surplus of piglets after 24 hours are limited and mostly restricted to either fostering piglets by other sows, supplying milk replacers (formula) or early weaning and rearing on formula.Case presentationIn this case report we describe the design and application of a so called ‘double nursing’ strategy, for which one sow simultaneously nurses two litters from birth to weaning. Piglet mortality and reproductive parameters of sows that have nursed two litters are compared, over a three year period, with those that nursed one litter.ConclusionIn this herd, the double nursing strategy appeared to be a successful strategy. Double nursing sows experienced a lower piglet mortality, despite the double nursing strategy. The negative effects on reproduction proved to be limited, there was a negative effect on litter size in subsequent litters, but no significant effect on the interval weaning to next conception. It has to be noted though that not all characteristics on which double nursing selection takes place, could be taken into account during statistical analyses.

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Passive immunisation, an old idea revisited: Basic principles and application to modern animal production systems

Abstract: 13

Cited by 41 publications

References 196 publications

Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

Activation of innate immune genes in caprine blood leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge

The effect of double nursing, an alternative nursing strategy for the hyper-prolific sow herd, on herd performance

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