Passive hip laxity in Estrela Mountain Dog — Distraction index, heritability and breeding values

Ginja, Mário; Silvestre, A.M.; Ferreira, António de Brum; Orden, José Manuel Gonzalo; Orden, M. A.; Melo‐Pinto, Pedro; Llorens-Pena, Maria P.; Colaço, Jorge

doi:10.1556/avet.56.2008.3.4

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, BV estimation can be used as an alternative procedure (Tellhelm 2007). The slight worsening of the ED genetic trend per year of birth (slight positive slope of tendency line) seems similar to the genetic trends in the same breed for passive hip laxity and hip dysplasia mentioned in previous studies (Ginja et al 2008(Ginja et al , 2009 When there exists a large genetic correlation between two traits, associated with a high and a low heritability for each trait, a potential increase in genetic progress is expected to occur in the trait with low heritability, when selecting for the other (Cachon et al 2010;Lewis et al 2011). Although showing differences between breeds, previous studies are suggestive of a positive genetic correlation between ED and hip dysplasia (Cachon et al 2010;Lewis et al 2011;Woolliams et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and breeding values of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog

Alves‐Pimenta¹,

Colaço²,

Silvestre³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and heritability of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog breed, to investigate genetic trends over the last 20 years (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) and to evaluate the association of individual records with breeding values. The elbows of 351 Estrela mountain dogs were examined using the flexed mediolateral radiographic view and evaluated using the International Elbow Working Group scoring system. Heritability and breeding values were estimated using a linear model. Elbow Dysplasia was found in 16.5% (59/351) of the dogs; males (27%, 34/127) were more affected than females (11%, 24/224) (P < 0.05). The heritability was very low (0.065) and the genetic trend showed a slight positive slope with an improvement in 2004 and 2005. The mean breeding values in elbow dysplasia grades were different but the overlap among grades was very pronounced. The prevalence and heritability of elbow dysplasia in the breed are thus low. Mass selection using individual phenotypes may not be effective. Elbow dysplasia genetic trends are similar to trends for hip dysplasia and passive hip laxity, so the use of selection against hip dysplasia may also result in genetic progress for elbow dysplasia.Keywords: osteoarthritis; heritability; genetic trend; radiology; screening program List of abbreviations BV = breeding value, ED = elbow dysplasia, EMD = estrela mountain dog, FCP = fragmented medial coronoid process, h 2 = heritability, IEWG = International Elbow Working Group, OCD = osteochondritis dissecans, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error, UAP = ununited anconeal process

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and breeding values of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog

Alves‐Pimenta¹,

Colaço²,

Silvestre³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…A larger study by Zhang et al (2009) comprising 2,716 dogs across 17 breeds reported a heritability of 0.61 for the distraction index. A recent genetic analysis of the distraction index in the Estrela Mountain dog, using a linear animal model, reported a very high heritability of 0.83 (Ginja et al 2008). This estimate was based only on 215 observations and has an SE of 0.11.…”

Section: Soo and Worthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine hip dysplasia: phenotypic scoring and the role of estimated breeding value analysis

Cha

Worth

2014

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a developmental orthopaedic disease of the coxofemoral joints with a multifactorial mode of inheritance. Multiple gene effects are influenced by environmental factors; therefore, it is unlikely that a simple genetic screening test with which to identify susceptible individuals will be developed in the near future. In the absence of feasible methods for objectively quantifying clinical CHD, radiographic techniques have been developed and widely used to identify dogs for breeding which are less affected by the disease. A hip-extended ventrodorsal view of the pelvis has been traditionally used to identify dogs with subluxation and/or osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral joints. More recently, there has been emphasis on the role of coxofemoral joint laxity as a determinant of CHD and methods have been developed to measure passive hip laxity. Though well-established worldwide, the effectiveness of traditional phenotypic scoring schemes in reducing the prevalence of CHD has been variable. The most successful implementation of traditional CHD scoring has occurred in countries or breeding colonies with mandatory scoring and open registries with access to pedigree records. Several commentators have recommended that for quantitative traits like CHD, selection of breeding stock should be based on estimated breeding values (EBV) rather than individual hip score/grade. The EBV is a reflection of the genetic superiority of an animal compared to its counterparts and is calculated from the phenotype of an individual and its relatives and their pedigree relationship. Selecting breeding stock on the basis of a dog's genetic merit, ideally based on a highly predictive phenotype, will confer the breeder with greater selection power, accelerate genetic improvement towards better hip conformation and thus more likely decrease the prevalence of CHD.

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“…Selection on traits with heritabilities in this range can most definitely benefit from the use of EBVs. However, few breeding schemes have utilised EBVs for the control of CHD, although many authors have recommended EBV use [12]–[15] and have demonstrated the feasibility of EBVs for a variety of CHD scoring schemes [6], [14], [16]–[18]. The Seeing Eye Inc began using EBVs in 1995 and soon observed substantial reductions in radiographic signs of CHD [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Breeding Values for Canine Hip Dysplasia Radiographic Traits in a Cohort of Australian German Shepherd Dogs

et al. 2013

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Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a serious and common musculoskeletal disease of pedigree dogs and therefore represents both an important welfare concern and an imperative breeding priority. The typical heritability estimates for radiographic CHD traits suggest that the accuracy of breeding dog selection could be substantially improved by the use of estimated breeding values (EBVs) in place of selection based on phenotypes of individuals. The British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club scoring method is a complex measure composed of nine bilateral ordinal traits, intended to evaluate both early and late dysplastic changes. However, the ordinal nature of the traits may represent a technical challenge for calculation of EBVs using linear methods. The purpose of the current study was to calculate EBVs of British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club traits in the Australian population of German Shepherd Dogs, using linear (both as individual traits and a summed phenotype), binary and ordinal methods to determine the optimal method for EBV calculation. Ordinal EBVs correlated well with linear EBVs (r = 0.90–0.99) and somewhat well with EBVs for the sum of the individual traits (r = 0.58–0.92). Correlation of ordinal and binary EBVs varied widely (r = 0.24–0.99) depending on the trait and cut-point considered. The ordinal EBVs have increased accuracy (0.48–0.69) of selection compared with accuracies from individual phenotype-based selection (0.40–0.52). Despite the high correlations between linear and ordinal EBVs, the underlying relationship between EBVs calculated by the two methods was not always linear, leading us to suggest that ordinal models should be used wherever possible. As the population of German Shepherd Dogs which was studied was purportedly under selection for the traits studied, we examined the EBVs for evidence of a genetic trend in these traits and found substantial genetic improvement over time. This study suggests the use of ordinal EBVs could increase the rate of genetic improvement in this population.

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Passive hip laxity in Estrela Mountain Dog — Distraction index, heritability and breeding values

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence and breeding values of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog

Prevalence and breeding values of elbow dysplasia in the Estrela mountain dog

Canine hip dysplasia: phenotypic scoring and the role of estimated breeding value analysis

Estimated Breeding Values for Canine Hip Dysplasia Radiographic Traits in a Cohort of Australian German Shepherd Dogs

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