Passive headspace extraction of ignitable liquids using activated carbon cloth

Sandercock, P. Mark L.

doi:10.1080/00085030.2016.1189226

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…21 Lopatka et al (2015) 22 utilizaram a ACS (também da marca Albrayco Technologies) e otimizaram a análise para a detecção de gasolina usando uma temperatura de 66 °C, um tempo de extração de 16 horas e o dissulfureto de carbono para eluir o carvão ativado. No ano seguinte, no trabalho de Sandercock (2016) 23 avaliou-se a utilização de um pano de carbono ativado (ACC) e uma tira de carbono ativado (ACS) na extração de vários líquidos inflamáveis. As extrações simultâneas de líquidos inflamáveis utilizando ACC e ACS foram realizadas durante um período de 16 horas em latas de tinta de um litro, tanto a temperatura ambiente quanto a 60 °C.…”

Section: Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada a Espectrometria De Massas (Cgunclassified

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

2020

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Recebido em 05/10/2019; aceito em 17/02/2020; publicado na web em 13/04/2020 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) AND ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATORS IN FIRE INVESTIGATION. Fire investigation is a complex activity that involves skill, technology, knowledge and science and aims to elucidate fire-related events such as cause, origin, propagation, phenomena, etc. Chemical analysis to verify the presence of foreign substances in that location, as well as the use of fire simulation software are efficient and economical ways to study fire behavior during the occurrence of fire. This work demonstrates the application of Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the analysis for gasoline and diesel identification in different substrates, as well as the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to aid in the elucidation of fires. The chemical analyses performed showed the possibility of identifying the presence of accelerants even in small quantities (1 μL) and in different types of materials (wood, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyamide and newsprint). The computational model generated by the software proved to be consistent with the data obtained at the scene by the fire expert, thus serving in the hypothesis discard and conclusion of the investigation.

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Section: Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada a Espectrometria De Massas (Cgunclassified

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

2020

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“…Instrumental sensitivity is usually assessed by mass calibration of target substances [31]; however, in the context of forensic examination of fire debris, the concepts of sensitivity and limits of detection require a different treatment. Ignitable liquids are often petroleum products containing hundreds or thousands of individual compounds [1,2]. Additionally, the relative abundances of the constituents of the ignitable liquid can vary considerably from one sample to another due to differences in formulation, weathering, etc.…”

Section: Notes On Design and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forensic fire debris analysis is the examination of exhibit material for the presence of ignitable liquids, and in this context an understanding of sensitivity is especially important. This is because the most frequently observed ignitable liquids are petroleum products [1,2], but petroleum products are also ubiquitous in our environment due to their widespread use in manufactured goods and their sale as consumer products [3][4][5][6][7]. Ignitable liquids may also be present in an exhibit due to the surrounding environment, since they are composed of volatile organic compounds which can evaporate from one location and condense in another (e.g., the collection of gasoline residues by materials exposed to automotive exhaust) [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Instrumental Limits of Identification of Ignitable Liquids in Forensic Fire Debris Analysis

et al. 2018

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Forensic fire debris analysis is an important part of fire investigation, and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the accepted standard for detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris. While GC-MS is the dominant technique, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) is gaining popularity. Despite the broad use of these techniques, their sensitivities are poorly characterized for petroleum-based ignitable liquids. Accordingly, we explored the limit of identification (LOI) using the protocols currently applied in accredited forensic labs for two 75% evaporated gasolines and a 25% evaporated diesel as both neat samples and in the presence of interfering pyrolysate typical of fire debris. GC-MSD (mass selective detector (MS)), GC-TOF (time-of-flight (MS)), and GC×GC-TOF were evaluated under matched conditions to determine the volume of ignitable liquid required on-column for correct identification by three experienced forensic examiners performing chromatographic interpretation in accordance with ASTM E1618-14. GC-MSD provided LOIs of~0.6 pL on-column for both neat gasolines, and~12.5 pL on-column for neat diesel. In the presence of pyrolysate, the gasoline LOIs increased to~6.2 pL on-column, while diesel could not be correctly identified at the concentrations tested. For the neat dilutions, GC-TOF generally provided 2× better sensitivity over GC-MSD, while GC×GC-TOF generally resulted in 10× better sensitivity over GC-MSD. In the presence of pyrolysate, GC-TOF was generally equivalent to GC-MSD, while GC×GC-TOF continued to show 10× greater sensitivity relative to GC-MSD. Our findings demonstrate the superior sensitivity of GC×GC-TOF and provide an important approach for interlaboratory benchmarking of modern instrumental performance in fire debris analysis.

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“…A recent study by Sandercock proposed the use of activated carbon cloth (ACC) as an affordable alternative to ACS. ACC has been widely used as a means of capturing environmental pollutants, particularly volatile organic compounds and has also been used by the military for the protection against chemical attacks . In this study, ACS and ACC of similar size and weight (0.074 and 0.078 g, respectively), were placed in sample cans with typical ILs and at varying concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mL to assess extraction efficiency under different conditions.…”

Section: Modified Sample Preparation Techniques For Fire Debris Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I G U R E 5 Comparison of total ion chromatograms obtained from lighter fluid passively extracted onto activated carbon (AC) strips and AC cloth at 60 • C[17]. Reprinted from the literature[17], copyright (2016) with permission from Taylor & Francis KERR 13X zeolite structure: Zeolites are crystalline, aluminosilicate, mineral structures with unique molecular sized pores and cavities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

Kerr

2018

J of Separation Science

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Identification of ignitable liquids from fire debris is such a major part of an arson investigation that much time and effort has gone into advancing sample preparation techniques to capture complicated and unexpected hydrocarbon compounds. Advancements in sample preparation have been made in order to account for biodegradation of commonly used accelerants, rarely encountered compounds, such as vegetable oils, biodiesel, and alcohols. Improvements have also been made to manage interference from the sample matrix, particularly with regards to new materials. This paper is a review of the sample preparation techniques that are foundational to fire debris analysis as well as recent advances. Also explored are modifications to the traditional sample preparation methods to accommodate the analysis of environmental samples (soil and water), and the presence of vegetable oils and biofuels on the fire scene.

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Passive headspace extraction of ignitable liquids using activated carbon cloth

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

Aplicação Da Fluidodinâmica Computacional (Cfd) E Análise De Acelerantes Na Investigação De Incêndio

Modern Instrumental Limits of Identification of Ignitable Liquids in Forensic Fire Debris Analysis

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

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