We strengthen the existing definition of (J, J ′ )-lossless rational matrices (RMs) and find an algebraic characterization of the newly defined class of strongly (J, J ′ )-lossless RMs. The algebraic characterization is given for possibly improper RMs. A connection is presented to a rational ℋ ∞ problem, known as the Leech problem, which is elaborated on with necessary and sufficient conditions, given in terms of the strongly (J, J ′ )-lossless property, as an alternative of the Leech conditions, which can be expressed with positivity of a kernel. An algorithm for solving the Leech problem is given and illustrated by examples. KEYWORDS robustness, robust control, (J, J ′ )-lossless rational matrix, ℋ ∞ problem Int J Robust Nonlinear Control. 2018;28:4261-4286.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rnc