Passive dosing: Assessing the toxicity of individual PAHs and recreated mixtures to the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata

Combining Passive Sampling and Dosing to Unravel the Contribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants to Sediment Ecotoxicity

“…By employing SR, we managed to transfer the freely dissolved hydrophobic organic contaminant concentration from sediment pore water into an aqueous bioassay. Spiking sediment with different concentrations of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and employing these sediments to a PSPD test resulted in a 96 h water-only LC 50 value for chironomid larvae of 22 ng/L, lower than reported in previous studies using chironomids, where LC 50 values ranged from 70 to 825 ng/L (refs − ). However, these previous studies used third or fourth instar larvae, while in the present study, the more sensitive first instar larvae were used.…”

“…Different in vitro bioassays have been used in previous PSPD research, such as Microtox and ER-Calux as well as different in vivo test organisms, like microalgae and amphipods, but C. riparius not yet.…”

“…The polymer sampler equilibrated with contaminated sediment can subsequently be used as a dosing phase to release the accumulated compounds into an aqueous test solution, which will mimic the original composition and concentration profile of the sediment pore water. ,− The compounds present in the passive doser will equilibrate with the aqueous test solution according to the polymer–water partition coefficient, similar to the chemical profile in the pore water of the sediment phase, as long as the sediment phase is not substantially depleted by the deployment of the polymer as a passive sampler and the sampler itself is not substantially depleted during its deployment as a passive doser. The passively dosed water would thus contain the polymer-transferable organic contaminants at the same chemical activity as the sediment pore water and thus serve as a convenient test medium for investigating sediment ecotoxicity while avoiding the potential confounding influence of other contaminant or noncontaminant stressors . Experimental verification of this approach may pave the way toward a broader application of simplified but representative aqueous bioassays for sediment quality assessment.…”

“…The passively dosed water would thus contain the polymertransferable organic contaminants at the same chemical activity as the sediment pore water and thus serve as a convenient test medium for investigating sediment ecotoxicity while avoiding the potential confounding influence of other contaminant or noncontaminant stressors. 35 Experimental verification of this approach may pave the way toward a broader application of simplified but representative aqueous bioassays for sediment quality assessment. This study aimed therefore to isolate the effects of hydrophobic organic toxicants in contaminated sediments from other (non)chemical stressors present in a multistress environment by employing a newly developed passive sampling−passive dosing (PSPD) test.…”

Association Between Urinary Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mortality in Adults

“…Population studies have found that PAH affects multiple systems such as the nervous (Feng et al 2022), cardiovascular (Mallah et al 2022), and renal (Rahman et al 2022) systems, and may lead to the occurrence of chronic diseases such as diabetes (Srivastava 2022) and hypertension (Wang et al 2022a). Moreover, the mixture toxicity of PAH with a series of compounds, is also well studied (Eriksson et al 2022, Kreutzer et al 2022, Wallace et al 2022. Few of these studies have focused on the mixed toxicity of PAH by adding HAA for analysis.…”