Passive Cooling Solutions for High Power Server CPUs with Pulsating Heat Pipe Technology: Review

Abstract

Data centers are becoming more powerful and more integrated with the continuous development of smart cities, which brings us more technological convenience, but also generates a large amount of waste heat. At present, the efficient and green cooling scheme is one of the key researches and development points to ensure the stable and safe operation of power electronic devices and achieve energy saving and consumption reduction. As a branch of the heat pipe, the pulsating heat pipe is one of most promising passive cooling techniques among many candidates for its unique advantages such as small size, simple and compact structure, and high heat dissipation efficiency, but its application in data centers just begins, and there are few reports on research and implementation. Based on the introduction of the basic structure, working mechanism and outstanding advantages of pulsating heat pipes, this paper reviews in detail the researches on the factors affecting its performance, so as to evaluate the possibility of using pulsating heat pipes in data centers. Finally, the latest application and development of pulsating heat pipes applied to heat dissipation of high-power CPUs are summarized, which can provide a guidance for subsequent research and engineering application.

Active and passive cooling techniques of graphical processing units in automotive applications - a review

“…The heat is extracted by the fan(s), and the coolant returns to the heat pipe and the base plate [70,71]. The Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) on the other hand is a passive cooling method with a heat link that operates in two phases [72]. As discussed, traditional heat pipes contain a wick design inside them which helps in returning the coolant to the GPU but the PHP doesn't contain wicks instead they are made of thin channels with several turns that are partially filled with the coolant which evaporate dissipating heat from the GPU.…”

Performance evaluation and modeling of active tile in raised-floor data centers: An empirical study on the single tile case

“…While occasionally going beyond the temperature threshold may be allowed, the system failure rate would rise dramatically and servers could even be burnt out once the temperature frequently exceeds the heat-tolerance. On the other hand, removing the heat from the machine room causes a huge energy consumption Li and Li (2021). It was estimated that cooling components used as much as half of the total energy in a data center (Miyuru Dayarathna and Fan, 2016).…”